Manyan masu yin fakiti guda 5 na duniya
•1,Takardar Ƙasashen Duniya
International Paper kamfani ne na masana'antar takarda da marufi wanda ke gudanar da ayyukansa a duk duniya. Kasuwancin kamfanin sun haɗa da takardu marasa rufi, marufi na masana'antu da na masu amfani da kayayyaki da kayayyakin gandun daji. Hedikwatar kamfanin a duniya tana cikin Memphis, Tennessee, Amurka, tare da ma'aikata kusan 59,500 a ƙasashe 24 da abokan ciniki a duk faɗin duniya. Tallace-tallacen kamfanin a shekarar 2010 sun kai dala biliyan 25.
A ranar 31 ga Janairu, 1898, masana'antun sarrafa takarda da najasa guda 17 sun haɗu suka kafa Kamfanin Takardu na Duniya a Albany, New York. A farkon shekarun kamfanin, International Paper ta samar da kashi 60% na takardar da masana'antar 'yan jarida ta Amurka ke buƙata, kuma an fitar da kayayyakinta zuwa Argentina, Burtaniya, da Ostiraliya.
Ayyukan kasuwanci na International Paper sun shafi Arewacin Amurka, Latin Amurka, Turai, gami da Rasha, Asiya da Arewacin Afirka. An kafa International Paper a shekarar 1898, a halin yanzu ita ce babbar kamfanin kayayyakin takarda da gandun daji a duniya kuma ɗaya daga cikin kamfanoni huɗu kacal da aka jera a Amurka waɗanda ke da tarihi mai tsawon ƙarni. Hedikwatar ta a duniya tana cikin Memphis, Tennessee, Amurka. Tsawon shekaru tara a jere, mujallar Fortune ta sanya mata suna mafi daraja a masana'antar kayayyakin gandun daji da takarda a Arewacin Amurka. Mujallar Ethisphere ta sanya mata suna ɗaya daga cikin kamfanonin da suka fi da'a a duniya tsawon shekaru biyar a jere. A shekarar 2012, ta kasance ta 424 a jerin sunayen Fortune Global 500.
Ayyukan da ma'aikatan International Paper ke yi a Asiya suna da bambanci sosai. Suna aiki a ƙasashe tara a Asiya, suna magana da harsuna bakwai, tare da ma'aikata sama da 8,000, suna kula da ɗimbin masana'antun marufi da layukan injinan takarda, da kuma babbar hanyar sadarwa ta saye da rarrabawa. Hedikwatar Asiya tana Shanghai, China. Tallace-tallacen da International Paper Asia ta yi a shekarar 2010 sun kai kimanin dala biliyan 1.4. A Asiya, International Paper ta himmatu wajen zama ɗan ƙasa nagari kuma tana ɗaukar nauyin zamantakewa sosai: shiga cikin ayyukan bayar da gudummawar hutu, kafa guraben karatu na jami'a, shiga cikin ayyukan dasa bishiyoyi don rage tasirin hayaki mai gurbata muhalli, da sauransu.
Kayayyakin Takardar Duniya da tsarin samar da Takardar Duniya suna da matuƙar muhimmanci ga kare muhalli. Takardar Duniya ta himmatu wajen ci gaba da ci gaba mai ɗorewa, kuma dukkan kayayyakin an ba su takardar shaida ta ɓangare na uku, gami da Tsarin Aiki na Dorewar Gandun Daji, Majalisar Kula da Gandun Daji da Shirin Tabbatar da Tsarin Takardar Shaidar Gandun Daji. Jajircewar Takardar Duniya ga muhalli yana samuwa ne ta hanyar sarrafa albarkatun ƙasa, rage tasirin muhalli da kuma kafa haɗin gwiwa na dabaru.
•2. Kamfanin Berry Global Group, Inc.
Kamfanin Berry Global Group, Inc. kamfani ne na duniya da ke kera kayayyakin marufi na filastik na Fortune 500. Hedkwatarsa tana da cibiyoyi sama da 265 da ma'aikata sama da 46,000 a duk duniya, kamfanin yana da kudaden shiga sama da dala biliyan 14 a shekarar 2022 kuma yana daya daga cikin manyan kamfanoni da ke Indiana da aka lissafa a cikin jerin Mujallar Fortune. Kamfanin ya canza sunansa daga Berry Plastics zuwa Berry Global a shekarar 2017.
Kamfanin yana da manyan sassa uku: Lafiya, Tsafta da Ƙwararru; Marufi na Masu Amfani; da Kayan Injiniya. Berry yana da'awar zama jagora a duniya wajen kera murafun aerosol kuma yana ba da ɗaya daga cikin manyan samfuran kwantena. Berry yana da abokan ciniki sama da 2,500, gami da kamfanoni kamar Sherwin-Williams, Borden's, McDonald's, Burger King, Gillette, Procter & Gamble, PepsiCo, Nestlé, Coca-Cola, Walmart, Kmart da Hershey Foods.
A Evansville, Indiana, an kafa wani kamfani mai suna Imperial Plastics a shekarar 1967. Da farko, masana'antar ta ɗauki ma'aikata uku aiki kuma ta yi amfani da injin ƙera allura don samar da murfi mai iska (Berry Global da ke Evansville ta ɗauki ma'aikata sama da 2,400 a shekarar 2017). Jack Berry Sr. ne ya sayi kamfanin a shekarar 1983. A shekarar 1987, kamfanin ya faɗaɗa a karon farko a wajen Evansville, inda ya buɗe wani kamfani na biyu a Henderson, Nevada.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, Berry ta kammala saye-saye da dama, ciki har da Mammoth Containers, Sterling Products, Tri-Plas, Alpha Products, PackerWare, Venture Packaging, Virginia Design Packaging, Container Industries, Knight Engineering and Plastics, Cardinal Packaging, Poly-Seal, Landis Plastics, Euromex Plastics SA de CV, Kerr Group, Covalence Specialty Materials (wanda a da Tyco Plastics & Adhesives business ne), Rollpak, Captive Plastics, MAC Closures, Superfos da Pliant Corporation.
Landis Plastics, Inc., wacce hedikwata ce a Chicago Ridge, IL, tana tallafawa abokan ciniki a Arewacin Amurka tare da cibiyoyin gida guda biyar da ke samar da marufi na filastik mai tsari da kuma marufi na thermoformed don kiwo da sauran kayayyakin abinci. Kafin Berry Plastics ta saya a 2003, Landis ta sami karuwar tallace-tallace na halitta da kashi 10.4% a cikin shekaru 15 da suka gabata. A cikin 2002, Landis ta samar da tallace-tallace na dala miliyan 211.6.
A watan Satumba na 2011, Berry Plastics ta sami kashi 100% na jarin hannun jari na Rexam SBC akan jimlar farashin siye na dala miliyan 351 (jimillar dala miliyan 340 da aka samu a tsabar kuɗi), tana ba da kuɗin siye da tsabar kuɗi da kuma wuraren ba da lamuni na yanzu. Rexam tana ƙera marufi mai tsauri, musamman rufe filastik, kayan haɗi da tsarin rufewa, da kuma kwalba. An yi lissafin siyan ta amfani da hanyar siye, tare da ware farashin siyan ga kadarori da basussukan da aka iya tantancewa bisa ga ƙimar da aka kiyasta a ranar siyan. A watan Yulin 2015, Berry ta sanar da shirin siyan AVINTIV da ke Charlotte, North Carolina akan dala biliyan 2.45 a tsabar kuɗi.
A watan Agusta na 2016, Berry Global ta sayi AEP Industries akan dala miliyan 765.
A watan Afrilun 2017, kamfanin ya sanar da cewa zai canza suna zuwa Berry Global Group, Inc. A watan Nuwamban 2017, Berry ya sanar da sayen Kamfanin Clopay Plastic Products Company, Inc. akan dala miliyan 475 na Amurka. A watan Agustan 2018, Berry Global ta sayi Laddawn akan wani adadi da ba a bayyana ba. A watan Yulin 2019, Berry Global ta sayi RPC Group akan dala biliyan 6.5 na Amurka. Jimilla, tasirin Berry a duniya zai kai wurare sama da 290 a duniya, ciki har da wurare a Arewacin da Kudancin Amurka, Turai, Asiya, Afirka, Ostiraliya da Rasha. Ana sa ran hadakar kasuwancin zai dauki ma'aikata sama da 48,000 a nahiyoyi shida kuma ya samar da tallace-tallace na kimanin dala biliyan 13, a cewar sabbin bayanan kudi da Berry da RPC suka fitar.
•3, Kamfanin Ball
Kamfanin Ball Corporation kamfani ne na Amurka wanda hedikwatansa ke Westminster, Colorado. An fi saninsa da samar da tulunan gilashi, murfi, da kayayyakin da suka shafi gyaran gwangwani a gida tun da farko. Tun lokacin da aka kafa shi a Buffalo, New York, a shekarar 1880, lokacin da aka san shi da Kamfanin Can na Wooden Jacket, kamfanin Ball ya faɗaɗa kuma ya bazu zuwa wasu harkokin kasuwanci, ciki har da fasahar sararin samaniya. Daga ƙarshe ya zama babban kamfanin kera abubuwan sha da kwantena na abinci da za a iya sake amfani da su a duniya.
'Yan uwan Ball sun sake wa kasuwancinsu suna Kamfanin Masana'antar Gilashi na Ball Brothers, wanda aka kafa a shekarar 1886. Hedikwatarsa, da kuma ayyukan kera gilashi da ƙarfe, an mayar da ita Muncie, Indiana, a shekarar 1889. An sake wa kasuwancin suna Kamfanin 'Yan'uwan Ball a shekarar 1922, sannan aka sake wa Ball Corporation a shekarar 1969. Ya zama kamfanin hannun jari da ake sayarwa a bainar jama'a a Kasuwar Hannun Jari ta New York a shekarar 1973.
Ball ya bar kasuwancin gwangwani na gida a shekarar 1993 ta hanyar mayar da wani tsohon reshe (Alltrista) zuwa wani kamfani mai zaman kansa, wanda ya sake wa kansa suna Jarden Corporation. A matsayin wani ɓangare na wannan tsarin, Jarden yana da lasisin amfani da alamar kasuwanci mai rijista ta Ball a layin samfuran gwangwani na gida. A yau, alamar Ball don kwalban mason da kayan gwangwani na gida mallakar Newell Brands ne.
Tsawon shekaru sama da 90, Ball ya ci gaba da zama kasuwancin iyali. An sake masa suna zuwa Kamfanin 'Yan'uwa na Ball a shekarar 1922, kuma ya kasance sananne wajen kera kwalaben 'ya'yan itace, murfi, da kayayyakin da suka shafi gwangwani a gida. Kamfanin ya kuma shiga wasu harkokin kasuwanci. Saboda manyan sassa guda huɗu na jerin kwalaben gwangwanin sun haɗa da gilashi, zinc, roba, da takarda, kamfanin Ball ya sami injin niƙa mai zare na zinc don samar da murfi na ƙarfe don kwalaben gilashi, ya ƙera zoben rufe roba don kwalaben, sannan ya sayi injin niƙa takarda don ƙera marufi da ake amfani da shi wajen jigilar kayayyakinsa. Kamfanin ya kuma sami kamfanonin tin, ƙarfe, da kuma daga baya, na filastik.
Kamfanin Ball ya samu ci gaba a tarihin muhalli tun daga shekarar 2006, lokacin da kamfanin ya fara kokarinsa na farko na dorewa. A shekarar 2008, Kamfanin Ball ya fitar da rahotonsa na farko na dorewa kuma ya fara fitar da rahotannin dorewa daga baya a gidan yanar gizon sa. Rahoton farko shine kyautar ACCA- Ceres North American Sustainability Awards wacce ta kasance wacce ta lashe kyautar Mafi Kyawun Rahoton Farko a 2009.
•4. Tetra Pak International SA
Kamfanin Groupe Tetra Laval mallakar gaba ɗaya
An haɗa shi: 1951 a matsayin AB Tetra Pak
Tetra Pak International SA tana yin kwantena masu laminated kamar akwatunan ruwan 'ya'yan itace. Tsawon shekaru da dama da aka gano suna da na'urorin tattara madara masu tetrahedral, layin kayayyakin kamfanin ya karu har ya ƙunshi ɗaruruwan kwantena daban-daban. Ita ce babbar mai samar da kwalaben madara na filastik. Tare da kamfanonin 'yan uwanta, Tetra Pak tana da'awar ita ce kawai mai samar da cikakken tsarin sarrafawa, marufi, da rarraba abinci mai ruwa a duk duniya. Ana sayar da kayayyakin Tetra Pak a ƙasashe sama da 165. Kamfanin ya bayyana kansa a matsayin abokin tarayya wajen haɓaka ra'ayoyin abokin cinikinsa maimakon a matsayin mai siyarwa kawai. Tetra Pak da daular da ta kafa sun kasance sananne game da ribar; kamfanin iyaye Tetra Laval yana ƙarƙashin ikon dangin Gad Rausing, wanda ya mutu a shekara ta 2000, ta hanyar Yora Holding da Baldurion BV da aka yi wa rijista a Netherlands. Kamfanin ya ba da rahoton cewa an sayar da fakiti biliyan 94.1 a shekara ta 2001.
Asalin
An haifi Dr. Ruben Rausing a ranar 17 ga Yuni, 1895 a Raus, Sweden. Bayan ya yi karatun tattalin arziki a Stockholm, ya tafi Amurka a shekarar 1920 don karatun digiri na biyu a Jami'ar Columbia da ke New York. A can, ya shaida ci gaban shagunan sayar da kayan abinci masu zaman kansu, wanda ya yi imanin zai zo Turai nan ba da jimawa ba, tare da ƙaruwar buƙatar abinci da aka shirya. A shekarar 1929, tare da Erik Akerlund, ya kafa kamfanin shirya kayan abinci na Scandinavian na farko.
An fara ƙirƙirar sabuwar kwandon madara a shekarar 1943. Manufar ita ce samar da ingantaccen aminci ga abinci yayin amfani da ƙaramin adadin kayan aiki. An ƙera sabbin kwantena daga bututun da aka cika da ruwa; an rufe na'urori daban-daban a ƙasa da matakin abin sha a ciki ba tare da sanya iska ba. An ruwaito cewa Rausing ya sami wannan ra'ayin ne daga kallon matarsa Elizabeth tana cika tsiran alade. Erik Wallenberg, wanda ya shiga kamfanin a matsayin ma'aikacin dakin gwaje-gwaje, an yaba masa da ƙera wannan dabarar, wadda aka biya shi SKr 3,000 (watanni shida na albashi a lokacin).
An kafa Tetra Pak a shekarar 1951 a matsayin reshen Akerlund & Rausing. An buɗe sabon tsarin marufi a ranar 18 ga Mayu na wannan shekarar. A shekara mai zuwa, ta kai na'urarta ta farko ta marufi da man shafawa a cikin kwalaye masu siffar tetrahedral zuwa Lundaortens Mejerifõrening, wani kamfanin kiwo a Lund, Sweden. Akwatin mai girman 100ml, wanda aka rufe da filastik maimakon paraffin, za a sanya masa suna Tetra Classic. Kafin wannan, kamfanonin kiwo na Turai galibi suna ba da madara a cikin kwalabe ko a cikin wasu kwantena da abokan ciniki ke kawowa. Tetra Classic ta kasance mai tsabta kuma, tare da rabon mutum ɗaya, mai sauƙi.
Kamfanin ya ci gaba da mai da hankali ne kawai kan marufin abin sha na tsawon shekaru 40 masu zuwa. Tetra Pak ta gabatar da kwalin aseptic na farko a duniya a shekarar 1961. Za a san shi da Tetra Classic Aseptic (TCA). Wannan samfurin ya bambanta ta hanyoyi biyu masu mahimmanci daga Tetra Classic na asali. Na farko ya kasance a cikin ƙara wani Layer na aluminum. Na biyu shine cewa an tsaftace samfurin a zafin jiki mai yawa. Sabuwar marufin aseptic ta ba da damar adana madara da sauran kayayyaki watanni da yawa ba tare da sanyaya ba. Cibiyar Masana Fasahar Abinci ta kira wannan mafi mahimmancin sabuwar fasahar marufin abinci na ƙarni.
Ginawa da Erik a shekarun 1970-80s
Tetra Brik Aseptic (TBA), wani nau'in murabba'i mai kusurwa huɗu, ya fara fitowa a shekarar 1968 kuma ya haifar da ci gaba mai ban mamaki a duniya. TBA za ta ɗauki nauyin mafi yawan kasuwancin Tetra Pak zuwa ƙarni na gaba. Borden Inc. ya kawo Brik Pak ga masu amfani da Amurka a 1981 lokacin da ya fara amfani da wannan marufi don ruwansa. A lokacin, kuɗin shigar Tetra Pak a duk duniya ya kai SKr biliyan 9.3 ($ biliyan 1.1). Yana aiki a ƙasashe 83, masu lasisinsa suna fitar da fiye da kwantena biliyan 30 a shekara, ko kashi 90 cikin ɗari na kasuwar marufi aseptic, in ji rahoton Business Week. Tetra Pak ta yi iƙirarin cewa tana ɗaukar kashi 40 cikin ɗari na kasuwar marufi na kiwo ta Turai, in ji rahoton Financial Times na Burtaniya. Kamfanin yana da masana'antu 22, uku daga cikinsu don yin injuna. Tetra Pak ta ɗauki ma'aikata 6,800, kimanin 2,000 daga cikinsu a Switzerland.
Fakitin kirim ɗin kofi na Tetra Pak da ake yawan gani a gidajen cin abinci, a lokacin ƙaramin ɓangare ne kawai na tallace-tallace. Kwalin Tetra Prisma Aseptic, wanda daga ƙarshe aka yi amfani da shi a ƙasashe sama da 33, zai zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan nasarorin kamfanin. Wannan kwalin mai siffar octagon yana da abubuwan jan hankali da dama da dama na bugawa. Tetra Fino Aseptic, wanda aka ƙaddamar a Masar, wani sabon ƙirƙira ne mai nasara a wannan lokacin. Wannan kwalin mai araha ya ƙunshi jaka ta takarda/polyethylene kuma ana amfani da shi don madara. Tetra Wedge Aseptic ya fara bayyana a Indonesia. Tetra Top, wanda aka gabatar a shekarar 1991, yana da murfin filastik da za a iya sake rufewa.
Mun yi alƙawarin samar da abinci mai aminci da samuwa a ko'ina. Muna aiki tare da abokan cinikinmu don samar da mafita mafi kyau na sarrafawa da marufi don abinci. Muna amfani da alƙawarinmu ga kirkire-kirkire, fahimtar buƙatun masu amfani, da kuma alaƙarmu da masu samar da kayayyaki don isar da waɗannan mafita, a duk inda kuma duk lokacin da aka ci abinci. Mun yi imani da shugabancin masana'antu mai alhaki, samar da ci gaba mai riba cikin jituwa da dorewar muhalli, da kuma kyakkyawan ɗan ƙasa na kamfani.
Gad Rausing ya mutu a shekara ta 2000, inda ya bar mallakar daular Tetra Laval ga 'ya'yansa—Jorn, Finn, da Kristen. Lokacin da ya sayar da kason kamfanin ga ɗan'uwansa a shekara ta 1995, Hans Rausing shi ma ya amince ba zai yi gogayya da Tetra Pak ba har sai a shekara ta 2001. Ya fito daga ritaya yana goyon bayan wani kamfanin marufi na Sweden, EcoLean, wanda ya sadaukar da kansa ga wani sabon "Lean-Material" mai lalacewa wanda aka yi da alli. Rausing ya sami kashi 57 cikin 100 na hannun jari a cikin wannan kamfani, wanda Ake Rosen ya kafa a shekara ta 1996.
Tetra Pak ta ci gaba da gabatar da sabbin abubuwa. A shekarar 2002, kamfanin ya ƙaddamar da sabuwar na'urar marufi mai sauri, TBA/22. Tana da ikon marufi kwalaye 20,000 a kowace awa, wanda hakan ya sa ta zama mafi sauri a duniya. A ƙarƙashin haɓaka ta akwai Tetra Recart, kwalaye na farko a duniya da aka iya tsaftace su.
•5, Amcor
•5, Amcor
Amcor plc kamfani ne na marufi na duniya. Yana haɓakawa da samar da marufi masu sassauƙa, kwantena masu tauri, kwalaye na musamman, rufewa da ayyuka don abinci, abin sha, magunguna, na'urorin likitanci, kulawa ta gida da ta mutum, da sauran kayayyaki.
Kamfanin ya samo asali ne daga kamfanonin niƙa takarda da aka kafa a Melbourne da kewaye, Ostiraliya, a shekarun 1860, waɗanda aka haɗa su da Kamfanin Kamfanin Paper Mills na Australia Pty Ltd, a shekarar 1896.
Kamfanin Amcor kamfani ne mai jerin kamfanoni biyu, wanda aka jera a cikin Musayar Hannun Jari ta Australiya (ASX: AMC) da kuma Kasuwar Hannun Jari ta New York (NYSE: AMCR).
Ya zuwa ranar 30 ga Yuni 2023, kamfanin ya dauki ma'aikata 41,000 kuma ya samar da dala biliyan 14.7 na tallace-tallace daga ayyukan da ake yi a wurare 200 a cikin kasashe sama da 40.
Dangane da matsayinta a duniya, Amcor tana cikin manyan alkaluman kasuwar hannayen jari na duniya, ciki har da Dow Jones Sustainability Index, CDP Climate Disclosure Leadership Index (Australia), MSCI Global Sustainability Index, Ethibel Excellence Investment Register, da kuma FTSE4Good Index Series.
Amcor yana da sassa biyu na rahoto: Fakitin Fasahohi masu Sauƙi da kuma Rigid Plastics.
Flexibles Packaging yana haɓakawa kuma yana samar da marufi mai sassauƙa da kwalaye na musamman masu naɗewa. Yana da sassan kasuwanci guda huɗu: Flexibles Turai, Gabas ta Tsakiya da Afirka; Flexibles Americas; Flexibles Asia Pacific; da Specialty Cartons.
Kamfanin Rigid Plastics yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu samar da marufi mai tauri a duniya.[8] Yana da sassan kasuwanci guda huɗu: Abubuwan Sha na Arewacin Amurka; Kwantena na Musamman na Arewacin Amurka; Latin Amurka; da kuma Rufewar Bericap.
Amcor yana haɓakawa kuma yana samar da marufi don amfani da kayan ciye-ciye da kayan zaki, cuku da yogurt, sabbin kayan lambu, abubuwan sha da abincin dabbobi, da kwantena masu tauri na filastik don samfuran abinci, abin sha, magunguna, da na sirri da na kulawa a gida.
Kunshin magungunan kamfanin na duniya ya cika buƙatun allurai na na'urori, aminci, bin ƙa'idodin marasa lafiya, hana jabun magunguna da dorewa.
Ana amfani da kwalaye na musamman na Amcor da aka yi da kayan filastik don kasuwanni daban-daban, ciki har da magunguna, kiwon lafiya, abinci, barasa da ruwan inabi, kayayyakin kula da kai da na gida. Amcor kuma yana haɓaka kuma yana yin rufe giya da ruwan inabi.
A watan Fabrairun 2018, kamfanin ya tallata fasaharsa ta Liquiform, wacce ke amfani da samfurin da aka naɗe maimakon iska mai matsewa don samar da kuma cike kwantena na filastik a lokaci guda kuma yana kawar da kuɗaɗen da ke tattare da ƙera bututun da ba komai a ciki, da kuma sarrafa su, jigilar su, da kuma adana kwantena marasa komai.
YPAK Packaging yana cikin Guangdong, China. An kafa shi a shekarar 2000, kamfani ne na kwararru a fannin marufi, wanda ke da masana'antun samar da kayayyaki guda biyu. Mun kuduri aniyar zama daya daga cikin manyan masu samar da marufi a duniya. Domin biyan bukatun abokan ciniki na musamman, muna amfani da manyan faranti na nadi. Wannan yana sa launukan kayayyakinmu su bayyana kuma cikakkun bayanai sun fi bayyana; a wannan lokacin, akwai abokan ciniki da yawa da ke da ƙananan buƙatun yin oda. Mun gabatar da injin buga takardu na dijital na HP INDIGO 25K, wanda ya ba da damar MOQ ɗinmu ya zama guda 1000 kuma ya biya buƙatun keɓancewa na abokan ciniki iri-iri. Dangane da samar da tsare-tsare na musamman, fasahar ROUGH MATTE FINISH da injiniyoyinmu na R&D suka gabatar tana cikin manyan 10 a duniya. A wannan zamani da duniya ke kira da a samar da ci gaba mai dorewa, mun ƙaddamar da marufi na kayan da za a iya sake amfani da su/za a iya narkar da su kuma za mu iya samar da Takaddun Shaida bayan an aika samfurin zuwa wata hukuma mai iko don gwaji. Barka da zuwa tuntuɓar mu a kowane lokaci, YPAK yana kan hidimarku awanni 24 a rana.
Lokacin Saƙo: Nuwamba-09-2023
