Kaihanga tākai TOP 5 o te ao
•1,Pepa o te Ao
He kamupene pepa me te tākai a International Paper, ā, kei te ao whānui ngā mahi a te kamupene. Kei roto i ngā pakihi a te kamupene ngā pepa kāore i pania, ngā tākai ahumahi me ngā tākai kaihoko me ngā hua ngahere. Kei Memphis, Tennessee, USA te tari matua o te kamupene, me te tata ki te 59,500 ngā kaimahi i roto i te 24 whenua me ngā kiritaki puta noa i te ao. Ko te nui o ngā hoko kupenga a te kamupene i te tau 2010 he US$25 piriona.
I te 31 o Hānuere, 1898, i hanumi ngā mira pepa me te penupenu e 17 hei hanga i te International Paper Company i Albany, New York. I ngā tau tōmua o te kamupene, i whakaputa a International Paper i te 60% o te pepa e hiahiatia ana e te umanga pāpāho o Amerika, ā, i kaweakehia hoki ōna hua ki Argentina, ki te United Kingdom, me Ahitereiria.
Ka kapi ngā mahi pakihi a International Paper i Amerika Te Raki, Amerika Latina, Ūropi tae atu ki Rūhia, Āhia me Āwherika Te Raki. I whakatūria i te tau 1898, ko International Paper te kamupene pepa me ngā hua ngahere nui rawa atu o te ao i tēnei wā, ā, ko tētahi o ngā kamupene e whā anake kua whakarārangihia i te United States me te hītori rautau te pakeke. Kei Memphis, Tennessee, USA tōna tari matua o te ao. Mō ngā tau e iwa karapīpiti, kua tohua ko ia te kamupene tino whakautehia i roto i te umanga hua ngahere me te pepa i Amerika Te Raki e te maheni Fortune. Kua tohua ko ia tētahi o ngā kamupene tino matatika o te ao e te maheni Ethisphere mō ngā tau e rima karapīpiti. I te tau 2012, i eke ia ki te 424 o te rārangi Fortune Global 500.
He tino kanorau ngā mahi me ngā kaimahi a International Paper i Āhia. E iwa ngā whenua o Āhia e mahi ana, e whitu ngā reo e kōrerohia ana, me te neke atu i te 8,000 ngā kaimahi, ā, he maha ngā whare tākai me ngā raina mīhini pepa e whakahaere ana, tae atu ki tētahi whatunga hoko me te tohatoha whānui. Kei Shanghai, Haina te tari matua o Āhia. Ko te tapeke o ngā hoko kupenga a International Paper Asia i te tau 2010 i eke ki te US$1.4 piriona. I Āhia, e whakapau kaha ana a International Paper ki te noho hei tangata whenua pai me te kawe i ngā kawenga pāpori: te whai wāhi ki ngā kaupapa koha hararei, te whakatū karahipi whare wānanga, te whai wāhi ki ngā kaupapa whakato rākau hei whakaiti i te tapuwae waro, me ētahi atu.
He mea nui ki ngā hua a International Paper me ngā tukanga whakaputa a International Paper te tiaki i te taiao. E whakapau kaha ana a International Paper ki te pupuri i te whanaketanga tauwhiro, ā, kua whakamanahia ngā hua katoa e te hunga tuatoru tae atu ki te Mahere Mahi Ngāherehere Tauwhiro, te Kaunihera Tiaki Ngāherehere me te Kaupapa Whakamihi Pūnaha Tiwhikete Ngāherehere. Ka tutuki te whakapau kaha a International Paper ki te taiao mā te whakahaere i ngā rauemi taiao, te whakaiti i te pānga ki te taiao me te whakatū hononga rautaki.
•2. Rōpū Ao o Berry, Inc.
Ko Berry Global Group, Inc. tētahi o ngā kaihanga me ngā kaihokohoko o ngā hua tākai kirihou kua eke ki te rarangi Fortune 500. Kei Evansville, Indiana tōna tari matua, me te neke atu i te 265 ngā whare me te neke atu i te 46,000 ngā kaimahi puta noa i te ao, neke atu i te $14 piriona te moni whiwhi a te kamupene mō te tau pūtea 2022, ā, ko tētahi o ngā kamupene nui rawa atu kei Indiana kua whakarārangihia i roto i te rarangi Fortune Magazine. I hurihia e te kamupene tōna ingoa mai i Berry Plastics ki Berry Global i te tau 2017.
E toru ngā wāhanga matua o te kamupene: Hauora, Akuaku me te Ngaio; Tākai Kaihoko; me ngā Rauemi Hangarau. E kī ana a Berry ko ia te kaiārahi o te ao i roto i te hanga potae aerosol, ā, e tuku ana hoki i tētahi o ngā whānuitanga o ngā hua ipu. Neke atu i te 2,500 ngā kiritaki a Berry, tae atu ki ngā kamupene pēnei i a Sherwin-Williams, Borden's, McDonald's, Burger King, Gillette, Procter & Gamble, PepsiCo, Nestlé, Coca-Cola, Walmart, Kmart me Hershey Foods.
I Evansville, Indiana, i whakatūria tētahi kamupene ko Imperial Plastics te ingoa i te tau 1967. I te tīmatanga, tokotoru ngā kaimahi i whakamahia e te wheketere, ā, i whakamahia he mīhini whakakoi werohanga hei hanga potae aerosol (neke atu i te 2,400 ngā tāngata i whakamahia e Berry Global i Evansville i te tau 2017). I hokona te kamupene e Jack Berry Sr. i te tau 1983. I te tau 1987, i whānui te kamupene mō te wā tuatahi i waho o Evansville, me te whakatuwhera i tētahi whare tuarua i Henderson, Nevada.
I ngā tau tata nei, kua oti i a Berry ētahi hokonga, tae atu ki a Mammoth Containers, Sterling Products, Tri-Plas, Alpha Products, PackerWare, Venture Packaging, Virginia Design Packaging, Container Industries, Knight Engineering and Plastics, Cardinal Packaging, Poly-Seal, Landis Plastics, Euromex Plastics SA de CV, Kerr Group, Covalence Specialty Materials (ko te pakihi o mua ko Tyco Plastics & Adhesives), Rollpak, Captive Plastics, MAC Closures, Superfos me Pliant Corporation.
Kei Chicago Ridge, IL te tari matua o Landis Plastics, Inc., ā, e tautoko ana rātou i ngā kiritaki i Amerika Te Raki me ngā whare hanga ā-rohe e rima e whakaputa ana i ngā takai kirihou werohanga me te kirihou hanga-wera mō ngā hua miraka me ētahi atu hua kai. I mua i te hokonga mai a Berry Plastics i te tau 2003, i kite a Landis i te tipu kaha o ngā hoko rauropi o te 10.4% i roto i ngā tau 15 kua hipa. I te tau 2002, i whakaputa a Landis i ngā hoko kupenga o te $211.6 miriona.
I te marama o Hepetema 2011, i riro i a Berry Plastics te 100% o te whakapaipai hea o Rexam SBC mō te utu hoko katoa o te $351 miriona (kore o te $340 miriona i roto i te moni i riro mai), me te putea i te hokonga me te moni kei te ringa me ngā whakaurunga nama o nāianei. Ka hangaia e Rexam ngā takai pakari, inā koa ko ngā kati kirihou, ngā taputapu me ngā pūnaha kati tohatoha, me ngā ipu. I tatauhia te hokonga mā te whakamahi i te tikanga hoko, me te utu hoko i tohaina ki ngā rawa me ngā nama e taea te tautuhi i runga i te uara tika i whakatauhia i te rā hokonga. I te marama o Hūrae 2015, i panuitia e Berry ngā mahere ki te hoko i a AVINTIV o Charlotte, North Carolina mō te $2.45 piriona i roto i te moni.
I te marama o Ākuhata 2016, i hokona e Berry Global a AEP Industries mō te US$765 miriona.
I te marama o Āperira 2017, i panuitia e te kamupene ka hurihia tōna ingoa ki Berry Global Group, Inc. I te marama o Noema 2017, i panuitia e Berry te hokonga o Clopay Plastic Products Company, Inc. mō te US$475 miriona. I te marama o Ākuhata 2018, i hokona e Berry Global a Laddawn mō te moni kāore i whakaaturia. I te marama o Hūrae 2019, i hokona e Berry Global a RPC Group mō te US$6.5 piriona. I te katoa, ka horapa te tapuwae o Berry ki te ao neke atu i te 290 ngā wāhi huri noa i te ao, tae atu ki ngā wāhi i Amerika Te Raki me Amerika ki te Tonga, Ūropi, Āhia, Āwherika, Ahitereiria me Rūhia. E matapaetia ana ka whakamahia e te pakihi whakakotahi neke atu i te 48,000 ngā tāngata i ngā whenua e ono, ā, ka puta he hoko tata ki te $13 piriona, e ai ki ngā pūrongo pūtea hou i tukuna e Berry me RPC.
•3, Te Kamupene Pōro
He kamupene Amerikana a Ball Corporation, kei Westminster, Colorado tōna tari matua. E mōhiotia whānuitia ana mō āna mahi whakaputa tuatahi i ngā ipu karāhe, ngā taupoki, me ngā hua e pā ana ki te whakakī i te inu i te kāinga. Mai i tōna whakatūnga i Buffalo, New York, i te tau 1880, i te wā i mōhiotia ai ko te Wooden Jacket Can Company, kua whānui te kamupene Ball, kua whakawhānui hoki ki ētahi atu mahi pakihi, tae atu ki te hangarau rererangi. Nō muri mai ka noho ko ia te kaihanga nui rawa atu o te ao mō ngā ipu inu me ngā ipu kai whakarewa hangarua.
I te tau 1886, i whakaingoatia anō te pakihi e ngā tuakana, teina Ball, ko te Ball Brothers Glass Manufacturing Company, i whakatūria. I nekehia tōna tari matua, me āna mahi hanga karāhe me te whakarewa, ki Muncie, Indiana, i te tau 1889. I te tau 1922, i whakaingoatia anō te pakihi ko te Ball Brothers Company, ā, i te tau 1969 ko te Ball Corporation. I te tau 1973, ka noho hei kamupene hea hokohoko tūmatanui i te New York Stock Exchange.
I wehe atu a Ball i te pakihi whakakī kākahu kāinga i te tau 1993 mā te huri i tētahi apiti o mua (Alltrista) hei kamupene tū motuhake, ā, i whakaingoatia anō ko Jarden Corporation. Hei wāhanga o te hurihanga, kua raihanahia a Jarden ki te whakamahi i te tohu hokohoko rēhita a Ball i runga i tana raina hua whakakī kākahu kāinga. I ēnei rā, ko te waitohu Ball mō ngā ipu mason me ngā taputapu whakakī kākahu kāinga nō Newell Brands.
Neke atu i te 90 tau, i noho tonu a Ball hei pakihi whānau. I te tau 1922, i tapaina anō ko Ball Brothers Company, ā, i rongonui tonu mō te hanga ipu hua, taupoki, me ngā hua e pā ana mō te whakakī i te kāinga. I uru atu hoki te kamupene ki ētahi atu mahi pakihi. Nā te mea ko ngā wāhanga matua e whā o tā rātou raina hua matua o ngā ipu whakakī ko te karāhe, te konutea, te rapa, me te pepa, i riro mai i te kamupene Ball tētahi mira hurihuri rīpene konutea hei hanga taupoki whakarewa mō ā rātou ipu karāhe, i hanga mowhiti hiri rapa mō ngā ipu, ā, i riro mai i tētahi mira pepa hei hanga i ngā takai e whakamahia ana mō te tuku i ā rātou hua. I riro mai hoki i te kamupene he tine, he maitai, ā, i muri mai, he kamupene kirihou.
Kua whakapai ake te Ball Corporation i tana rēkoata taiao mai i te tau 2006, i te wā i tīmata ai te kamupene i ana mahi whakapūmau ōkawa tuatahi. I te tau 2008 i whakaputa te Ball Corporation i tana pūrongo whakapūmau tuatahi, ā, i tīmata te tuku i ngā pūrongo whakapūmau i muri mai ki tana paetukutuku. Ko te pūrongo tuatahi he toa o te tohu ACCA-Ceres North American Sustainability Awards i te tau 2009.
•4、Tetra Pak International SA
He apiti katoa nā Groupe Tetra Laval
I whakauruhia: 1951 hei AB Tetra Pak
E hanga ana a Tetra Pak International SA i ngā ipu whakakikoruatia pērā i ngā pouaka wai hua. Mō ngā tekau tau e mōhiotia ana ki tana takai miraka tetrahedral ahurei, kua tipu te raina hua a te kamupene ki te whakauru i ngā rau o ngā ipu kanorau. He kaiwhakarato matua o ngā pounamu miraka kirihou. Me ōna kamupene tuahine, e kī ana a Tetra Pak ko ia anake te kaiwhakarato o ngā pūnaha katoa mō te tukatuka, te takai, me te tohatoha i ngā kai wai puta noa i te ao. E hokona ana ngā hua Tetra Pak i roto i te neke atu i te 165 whenua. E whakaahua ana te kamupene i a ia anō hei hoa mahi i roto i te whakawhanake i ngā ariā a tana kiritaki, kaua hei kaihoko noa iho. Kua mōhiotia a Tetra Pak me tōna whānau whakatū he huna mō ngā hua; ko te kamupene matua a Tetra Laval kei te whakahaerehia e te whānau o Gad Rausing, i mate i te tau 2000, mā Yora Holding me Baldurion BV kua rēhitatia ki Netherlands. I ripoata te kamupene i te 94.1 piriona mōkihi i hokona i te tau 2001.
Ngā Takenga Mai
I whānau mai a Tākuta Ruben Rausing i te 17 o Hune, 1895 i Raus, Huitene. Whai muri i tana ako i te ōhanga i Stockholm, ka haere ia ki Amerika i te tau 1920 ki te ako paerua i Te Whare Wānanga o Columbia i Niu Ioka. I reira, i kite ia i te tipu haere o ngā toa hoko kai ratonga-whaiaro, e whakapono ana ia ka tata te taenga mai ki Ūropi, me te pikinga ake o te hiahia mō ngā kai kua tākaihia. I te tau 1929, me Erik Akerlund, i whakatūria e ia te kamupene tākai Scandinavian tuatahi.
I tīmata te whanaketanga o tētahi ipu miraka hou i te tau 1943. Ko te whāinga he whakarato i te haumaru kai tino pai me te whakamahi i te iti rawa o ngā rauemi. I hangaia ngā ipu hou mai i tētahi ngongo i whakakīia ki te wai; i hiritia ngā wae takitahi ki raro i te taumata o te inu i roto, me te kore e whakauru i te hau. E ai ki ngā kōrero i ahu mai te whakaaro i a Rausing i tana mātakitaki i tana wahine, i a Elizabeth, e whakakī ana i ngā hōtiti. Ko Erik Wallenberg, i uru atu ki te kamupene hei kaimahi taiwhanga, e kiia ana ko ia te kaihanga i te ariā, ā, i utua ia ki te SKr 3,000 (e ono marama te utu i taua wā).
I whakatūria a Tetra Pak i te tau 1951 hei apiti nā Akerlund & Rausing. I huraina te pūnaha tākai hou i te 18 o Mei o taua tau. I te tau i muri mai, i tukuna e rātou tana mīhini tuatahi mō te tākai kirīmi i roto i ngā kātene tetrahedral ki a Lundaortens Mejerifõrening, he kamupene miraka i Lund, Huitene. Ko te ipu 100 ml, i hipokina ki te kirihou kaua ki te paraffin, ka tapaina ko Tetra Classic. I mua atu i tēnei, ko ngā whare miraka Pākehā i tuku miraka i roto i ngā pounamu, i roto rānei i ētahi atu ipu i kawea mai e ngā kaihoko. He akuaku a Tetra Classic, ā, he watea hoki mō ia kai.
I aro tonu te kamupene ki ngā takai inu mō ngā tau 40 e whai ake nei. I te tau 1961 i whakaurua ai e Tetra Pak te kātene aseptic tuatahi o te ao. Ka mōhiotia ko Tetra Classic Aseptic (TCA). E rua ngā āhuatanga nui i rerekē ai tēnei hua mai i te Tetra Classic taketake. Ko te tuatahi ko te tāpiri i tētahi paparanga konumohe. Ko te tuarua ko te whakahoromata i te hua i te pāmahana teitei. Nā te takai aseptic hou i taea ai te pupuri i te miraka me ētahi atu hua mō ngā marama maha me te kore e whakamatao. I kīia tēnei e te Institute of Food Technologists ko te auahatanga takai kai tino nui o te rautau.
Te hanga me te Erik i ngā tau 1970-80
I tīmata te kamupene Tetra Brik Aseptic (TBA), he putanga tapawhā rite, i te tau 1968, ā, i puta ai te tipu nui o te ao. Nā te TBA te nuinga o ngā mahi a Tetra Pak i te rautau i muri mai. Nā Borden Inc. i kawe mai a Brik Pak ki ngā kaihoko o Amerika i te tau 1981 i te tīmatanga o te whakamahi i tēnei takai mō āna wai. I taua wā, ko te moni whiwhi a Tetra Pak puta noa i te ao he SKr 9.3 piriona ($1.1 piriona). E mahi ana i roto i ngā whenua 83, neke atu i te 30 piriona ipu i tukuna e ōna kaipupuri raihana ia tau, arā, 90 ōrau o te mākete takai ātete, e ai ki te pūrongo a Business Week. I kī a Tetra Pak e 40 ōrau o te mākete takai miraka o Ūropi e tākai ana, e ai ki te pūrongo a Financial Times o Peretānia. E 22 ngā wheketere o te kamupene, e toru o ēnei mō te hanga mīhini. E 6,800 ngā tāngata i whakamahia e Tetra Pak, tata ki te 2,000 i Switzerland.
Ko ngā kete kirīmi kawhe a Tetra Pak e kitea whānuitia ana i ngā wharekai, he wāhanga iti noa iho o ngā hoko i taua wā. Ko te kātene Tetra Prisma Aseptic, i whakamahia i roto i te neke atu i te 33 whenua, ka noho hei tētahi o ngā angitu nui a te kamupene. He ripa tōia tēnei kātene waru-whatu me te whānuitanga o ngā momo tā. Ko Tetra Fino Aseptic, i whakarewaina ki Ihipa, tētahi atu auahatanga angitu o taua wā anō. Ko tēnei ipu iti te utu he putea pepa/polyethylene, ā, i whakamahia mō te miraka. I puta tuatahi mai a Tetra Wedge Aseptic ki Indonesia. Ko Tetra Top, i whakaurua mai i te tau 1991, he taupoki kirihou ka taea te hiri anō.
Ka whakapau kaha mātou ki te whakarite kia haumaru, kia wātea hoki te kai, i ngā wāhi katoa. Ka mahi tahi mātou me ō mātou kiritaki ki te whakarato i ngā otinga tukatuka me te tākai kai e pai ana. Ka whakamahia e mātou tō mātou whakapau kaha ki te auahatanga, tō mātou māramatanga ki ngā hiahia o ngā kiritaki, me ō mātou whanaungatanga ki ngā kaiwhakarato ki te tuku i ēnei otinga, i ngā wāhi katoa me ngā wā katoa e kainga ana te kai. E whakapono ana mātou ki te kaiārahi umanga kawenga, te waihanga i te tipu whai hua i runga i te whakakotahitanga o te oranga tonutanga o te taiao, me te noho hei tangata whenua pai mō te kamupene.
I mate a Gad Rausing i te tau 2000, ā, ka waiho te mana whakahaere o te emepaea o Tetra Laval ki āna tamariki—ko Jorn, ko Finn, me Kristen. I tana hokonga atu i tana hea o te kamupene ki tōna tuakana i te tau 1995, i whakaae hoki a Hans Rausing kia kaua e whakataetae ki a Tetra Pak tae noa ki te tau 2001. I puta mai ia i te reti me te tautoko i tētahi kamupene takai Huitene, ko EcoLean, i whakatapua ki tētahi "Lean-Material" pirau hou i hangaia i te nuinga o te wā ki te uku. I riro i a Rausing te 57 ōrau o te hea i roto i te kaupapa, i whakatūria i te tau 1996 e Ake Rosen.
I haere tonu a Tetra Pak ki te whakauru i ngā mahi auaha. I te tau 2002, i whakarewahia e te kamupene tētahi mīhini tākai tere-teitei hou, ko te TBA/22. E 20,000 ngā kātene i te hāora te kaha ki te tākai, ā, koinei te mea tere rawa atu o te ao. Kei te whakawhanakehia te Tetra Recart, te kātene tuatahi o te ao ka taea te whakahoromata.
•5、Amcor
•5、Amcor
He kamupene takai ā-ao a Amcor plc. Ka whakawhanakehia, ka whakaputahia hoki e ia ngā takai ngāwari, ngā ipu pakari, ngā kātene motuhake, ngā kati me ngā ratonga mō te kai, te inu, te rongoā, ngā taputapu hauora, te tiaki kāinga me te whaiaro, me ētahi atu hua.
I ahu mai te kamupene i ngā pakihi mira pepa i whakatūria ki roto me te taha o Melbourne, Ahitereiria, i te tekau tau atu i 1860, ā, i te tau 1896 ka whakakotahitia hei Australian Paper Mills Company Pty Ltd.
He kamupene rārangi rua a Amcor, kei te rārangihia i runga i te Australian Securities Exchange (ASX: AMC) me te New York Stock Exchange (NYSE: AMCR).
I te 30 o Hune 2023, e 41,000 ngā kaimahi a te kamupene, ā, e $14.7 piriona tāra te moni whiwhi mai i ngā mahi i roto i te 200 ngā wāhi i roto i te 40 whenua.
Hei whakaata i tōna tūnga ā-ao, kei roto a Amcor i ētahi tātaitai mākete hea o te ao, tae atu ki te Dow Jones Sustainability Index, te CDP Climate Disclosure Leadership Index (Ahitereiria), te MSCI Global Sustainability Index, te Ethibel Excellence Investment Register, me te FTSE4Good Index Series.
E rua ngā wāhanga pūrongo a Amcor: Ngā Tākai Ngāwari me ngā Kirihou Pakari.
Ka whakawhanake, ka tuku hoki a Flexibles Packaging i ngā tākai ngāwari me ngā kātene whakapiko motuhake. E whā āna wāhanga pakihi: Flexibles Europe, Middle East me Africa; Flexibles Americas; Flexibles Asia Pacific; me Specialty Cartons.
Ko Rigid Plastics tētahi o ngā kaiwhakarato nui rawa atu o te ao mō ngā takai kirihou pakari.[8] E whā āna wāhanga pakihi: Ngā Inu o Amerika Te Raki; Ngā Ipu Motuhake o Amerika Te Raki; Amerika Latina; me Bericap Closures.
Ka whakawhanake, ka whakaputa hoki a Amcor i ngā takai hei whakamahi me ngā kai maaka me ngā mea reka, te tiihi me te miraka kawa, ngā hua mata, ngā inu me ngā hua kai mō ngā mōkai, me ngā ipu kirihou pakari mō ngā waitohu i roto i ngā wāhanga kai, inu, rongoā, me te tiaki whaiaro me te tiaki kāinga.
E whakatutukihia ana e ngā takai rongoā ā-ao a te kamupene ngā whakaritenga mō ngā horopeta kotahi, te haumaru, te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga a ngā tūroro, te ārai i te tinihanga, me te pumau.
Ko ngā kātene motuhake a Amcor i hangaia mai i ngā rauemi kirihou e whakamahia ana mō ngā momo mākete mutunga, tae atu ki ngā rongoā, te hauora, te kai, ngā waipiro me te waina, ngā hua tiaki whaiaro me te kāinga. Ka whakawhanakehia, ka hangaia hoki e Amcor ngā waina me ngā katinga waipiro.
I te marama o Pēpuere 2018, i hokohoko te kamupene i tana hangarau Liquiform, e whakamahi ana i te hua kua tākaihia hei utu mō te hau kōpeke hei hanga me te whakakī i ngā ipu kirihou i te wā kotahi, ā, ka whakakorea ngā utu e pā ana ki te hanga-pūwero tuku iho, tae atu ki te whakahaere, te kawe, me te penapena i ngā ipu kau.
Kei Guangdong, Haina a YPAK Packaging. I whakatūria i te tau 2000, he kamupene tākai ngaio me ngā whare hanga e rua. E whakapau kaha ana mātou ki te noho hei tētahi o ngā kaiwhakarato tākai matua o te ao. Hei whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o ngā kiritaki whakaritenga papatipu, ka whakamahia e mātou ngā pereti roera nui. Mā tēnei ka kitea ake ngā tae o ā mātou hua, ka mārama ake hoki ngā taipitopito; i tēnei wā, he maha ngā kiritaki he iti noa ngā tono. I whakaurua e mātou te mīhini tā matihiko HP INDIGO 25K, i taea ai e tā mātou MOQ te 1000pcs, ā, i tutuki hoki i ngā hiahia whakaritenga a ngā kiritaki. Mō te whakaputa i ngā tukanga motuhake, ko te hangarau ROUGH MATTE FINISH i tūtohutia e ā mātou miihini R&D kei roto i ngā 10 o runga o te ao. I tēnei wā e karanga ana te ao mō te whanaketanga tauwhiro, kua whakarewahia e mātou te tākai rauemi hangarua/whakakotahi, ā, ka taea hoki e mātou te whakarato i tā mātou Tiwhikete Whakaaetanga i muri i te tukunga o te hua ki tētahi tari mana hei whakamātautau. Nau mai ki te whakapā mai i ngā wā katoa, kei te mahi a YPAK ki a koe 24 hāora ia rā.
Wā tuku: Whiringa-ā-rangi-09-2023
