Kodi zipangizo za PCR ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
1. Kodi zipangizo za PCR ndi chiyani?
Zipangizo za PCR kwenikweni ndi mtundu wa "pulasitiki yobwezeretsedwanso", dzina lonse ndi zinthu zobwezerezedwanso pambuyo pa ogula, ndiko kuti, zinthu zobwezerezedwanso pambuyo pa ogula.
Zipangizo za PCR ndi "zamtengo wapatali kwambiri". Kawirikawiri, zinyalala zapulasitiki zomwe zimapangidwa pambuyo pozungulira, kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito zimatha kusinthidwa kukhala zinthu zopangira mafakitale zamtengo wapatali kwambiri kudzera mu kubwezeretsanso zinthu kapena kubwezeretsanso mankhwala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zibwezeretsedwe komanso kubwezeretsanso.
Mwachitsanzo, zinthu zobwezerezedwanso monga PET, PE, PP, ndi HDPE zimachokera ku mapulasitiki otayidwa omwe amapangidwa kuchokera m'mabokosi ogwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri a nkhomaliro, mabotolo a shampu, mabotolo amadzi amchere, migolo ya makina ochapira, ndi zina zotero. Pambuyo pokonzanso, angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga zinthu zatsopano zopakira.
Popeza zipangizo za PCR zimachokera ku zipangizo zomwe anthu adagula kale, ngati sizikukonzedwa bwino, zidzakhudza kwambiri chilengedwe. Chifukwa chake, PCR ndi imodzi mwa mapulasitiki obwezerezedwanso omwe amalimbikitsidwa ndi makampani osiyanasiyana.
2. N’chifukwa chiyani mapulasitiki a PCR ndi otchuka kwambiri?
•(1). PCR pulasitiki ndi imodzi mwa njira zofunika kwambiri zochepetsera kuipitsa kwa pulasitiki ndikuthandizira "kusalowerera ndale kwa kaboni".
Pambuyo pa khama losalekeza la mibadwo ingapo ya akatswiri a zamankhwala ndi mainjiniya, mapulasitiki opangidwa kuchokera ku mafuta, malasha, ndi gasi lachilengedwe akhala zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa moyo wa anthu chifukwa cha kulemera kwawo kochepa, kulimba, komanso kukongola kwawo. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri mapulasitiki kwapangitsanso kuti pakhale zinyalala zambiri za pulasitiki. Mapulasitiki obwezeretsanso zinthu pambuyo pa ogula (PCR) akhala njira imodzi yofunika kwambiri yochepetsera kuipitsa chilengedwe cha pulasitiki ndikuthandizira makampani opanga mankhwala kuti ayambe "kusalowerera ndale pa kaboni".
Ma pellets apulasitiki obwezerezedwanso amasakanizidwa ndi virgin resin kuti apange zinthu zosiyanasiyana zatsopano zapulasitiki. Njirayi sikuti imangochepetsa mpweya wa carbon dioxide, komanso imachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu.
•(2)Gwiritsani ntchito pulasitiki ya PCR kuti mulimbikitse kubwezeretsanso zinyalala za pulasitiki
Makampani ambiri omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mapulasitiki a PCR, kufunikira kumawonjezeka, zomwe zidzawonjezera kubwezeretsanso mapulasitiki otayidwa ndikusintha pang'onopang'ono njira ndi ntchito zamabizinesi zobwezeretsanso mapulasitiki otayidwa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mapulasitiki ochepa adzadzazidwa, kutenthedwa ndi kusungidwa m'chilengedwe.
• (3)Kukwezedwa kwa mfundo
Malo osungira mapulasitiki a PCR akutsegulidwa.
Mwachitsanzo, taganizirani za ku Ulaya, njira ya EU yogulira mapulasitiki ndi malamulo okhudza misonkho ya mapulasitiki ndi ma paketi m'maiko monga Britain ndi Germany. Mwachitsanzo, bungwe la UK Revenue and Customs lapereka "Misonkho Yogulira Mapulasitiki". Mtengo wa msonkho wa ma paketi okhala ndi pulasitiki yobwezerezedwanso yosakwana 30% ndi mapaundi 200 pa tani. Misonkho ndi mfundo zatsegula malo ofunikira mapulasitiki a PCR.
3. Ndi makampani ati akuluakulu omwe akuwonjezera ndalama zawo mu mapulasitiki a PCR posachedwapa?
Pakadali pano, zinthu zambiri zapulasitiki za PCR zomwe zili pamsika zimadalirabe kubwezeretsanso zinthu zakuthupi. Makampani ambiri opanga mankhwala padziko lonse lapansi akutsatira chitukuko ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zapulasitiki za PCR zomwe zabwezeretsedwanso ndi mankhwala. Akuyembekeza kuonetsetsa kuti zinthu zobwezeretsedwanso zili ndi ntchito yofanana ndi zinthu zopangira, ndipo zitha "kuchepetsa mpweya".
•(1). BASF'Zipangizo zobwezerezedwanso za Ultramid zapeza satifiketi ya UL
BASF yalengeza sabata ino kuti polima yake yobwezerezedwanso ya Ultramid Ccycled yopangidwa ku fakitale yake ya Freeport, Texas, yalandira satifiketi kuchokera ku Underwriters Laboratories (UL).
Malinga ndi UL 2809, ma polima a Ultramid Ccycled omwe amabwezerezedwanso kuchokera ku mapulasitiki obwezerezedwanso (PCR) amatha kugwiritsa ntchito njira yowerengera kuchuluka kwa zinthu kuti akwaniritse miyezo yobwezerezedwanso. Gulu la polima lili ndi makhalidwe ofanana ndi zinthu zopangira ndipo silifuna kusintha njira zachikhalidwe zopangira. Lingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'mapulogalamu monga mafilimu opaka, makapeti ndi mipando, ndipo ndi njira ina yokhazikika m'malo mwa zinthu zopangira.
BASF ikufufuza njira zatsopano zopangira mankhwala kuti ipitirize kusintha mapulasitiki ena kukhala zinthu zatsopano komanso zamtengo wapatali. Njira imeneyi imachepetsa mpweya woipa wowononga chilengedwe komanso zinthu zakale zomwe zimachokera ku zinthu zakale pamene ikusunga khalidwe ndi magwiridwe antchito a zinthuzo.
Randall Hulvey, Mtsogoleri wa Bizinesi wa BASF North America:
“Mtundu wathu watsopano wa Ultramid Ccycled umapereka mphamvu zambiri zamakanika, kuuma komanso kukhazikika kwa kutentha monga momwe zimakhalira ndi mitundu yakale, komanso izi zithandiza makasitomala athu kukwaniritsa zolinga zawo zokhazikika."
•(2). Mengniu: Ikani utomoni wa Dow PCR
Pa June 11, Dow ndi Mengniu adalengeza pamodzi kuti apambana malonda a filimu yotenthetsera kutentha yomwe ingathe kuchepetsedwa ndi resin yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ogula.
Zikumveka kuti iyi ndi nthawi yoyamba m'makampani ogulitsa chakudya cham'nyumba kuti Mengniu agwirizane ndi makampani opanga zinthu zachilengedwe komanso ogwirizana ndi ogulitsa zinthu zopangira pulasitiki, opanga ma CD, obwezeretsanso zinthu ndi magulu ena amakampani kuti agwiritse ntchito ma CD apulasitiki pobwezeretsanso zinthu, pogwiritsa ntchito mapulasitiki obwezerezedwanso omwe adagwiritsidwa ntchito kale ngati filimu yosungiramo zinthu.
Gawo lapakati la filimu yachiwiri yotenthetsera yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zinthu za Mengniu imachokera ku fomula ya resin ya Dow PCR. Fomula iyi ili ndi 40% ya zinthu zobwezerezedwanso zomwe zagwiritsidwanso ntchito pambuyo pa ogula ndipo imatha kubweretsa zinthu zobwezerezedwanso mu kapangidwe ka filimu yonse yochepetsera kufika pa 13%-24%, zomwe zimathandiza kupanga mafilimu okhala ndi magwiridwe antchito ofanana ndi resin ya virgin. Nthawi yomweyo, imachepetsa kuchuluka kwa zinyalala za pulasitiki m'chilengedwe ndipo imakwaniritsa bwino ntchito yobwezeretsanso ma paketi.
•(3). Unilever: Yasintha kukhala rPET chifukwa cha zokometsera zake, ndipo yakhala UK'Mtundu woyamba wa chakudya cha 100% PCR
Mu Meyi, kampani ya Unilever yotchedwa Hellmann's inasintha n’kuyamba kugwiritsanso ntchito PET (rPET) yomwe inagwiritsidwanso ntchito pambuyo pa kugula ndipo inayambitsa ku UK. Unilever inati ngati zinthu zonsezi zitasinthidwa ndi rPET, zidzapulumutsa matani pafupifupi 1,480 a zinthu zopangira chaka chilichonse.
Pakadali pano, pafupifupi theka (40%) la zinthu za Hellmann zikugwiritsa ntchito kale pulasitiki yobwezerezedwanso ndipo zafika mu Meyi. Kampaniyo ikukonzekera kusintha kugwiritsa ntchito pulasitiki yobwezerezedwanso pazinthu izi pofika kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2022.
Andre Burger, wachiwiri kwa purezidenti wa chakudya ku Unilever UK ndi Ireland, anati:“Hellmann wathu'Mabotolo a zokometsera ndiwo mtundu wathu woyamba wa chakudya ku UK kugwiritsa ntchito pulasitiki yobwezeretsedwanso 100% yomwe yagwiritsidwa ntchito pambuyo poti yagwiritsidwa ntchito, ngakhale kuti pakhala zovuta, koma zomwe zachitikazi zitithandiza kufulumizitsa kugwiritsa ntchito pulasitiki yobwezeretsedwanso ku Unilever.'mitundu ina ya zakudya."
PCR yakhala chizindikiro chaECO-zipangizo zochezeka. Mayiko ambiri aku Europe agwiritsa ntchito PCR poika chakudya kuti atsimikizire kuti chakudyacho chili ndi zinthu zonse zofunikira.ECO-wochezeka.
Ndife opanga omwe amagwira ntchito yokonza matumba ophikira khofi kwa zaka zoposa 20. Takhala m'modzi mwa opanga matumba akuluakulu a khofi ku China.
Timagwiritsa ntchito ma valve abwino kwambiri a WIPF ochokera ku Swiss kuti khofi wanu ukhale watsopano.
Tapanga matumba osawononga chilengedwe, monga matumba opangidwa ndi manyowa ndi matumba obwezerezedwanso,ndi zipangizo zaposachedwa kwambiri za PCR.
Ndi njira zabwino kwambiri zosinthira matumba apulasitiki achikhalidwe.
Taphatikiza kabukhu kathu, chonde titumizireni mtundu wa thumba, zinthu, kukula ndi kuchuluka komwe mukufuna. Kuti tikupatseni mtengo.
Nthawi yotumizira: Marichi-22-2024
