Izamuka ry'ubukene bw'ikawa ku isi: Impinduka zikomeje kugaragara
Ubusabe bwa kawa ku isi bwariyongereye cyane mu myaka ya vuba aha, bigaragaza ibintu bishya birimo guhindura inganda ku isi. Kuva mu mihanda yuzuye abantu benshi yo mu Mujyi wa New York kugeza ku mirima ituje ya kawa yo muri Kolombiya, urukundo rw'iki kinyobwa cyijimye kandi gihumura neza nta mupaka rufite. Uko isi igenda irushaho guhuzwa, ubusabe bwa kawa buri kwiyongera cyane, bitewe n'ibintu bitandukanye birimo guhindura ibyo abaguzi bakunda, kwiyongera kw'amafaranga yinjira mu ikoreshwa ry'ikawa ndetse no kwaguka k'umuco wa kawa ku isi yose.
Ubwiyongere bw'ikoreshwa ry'ikawa bushobora guterwa n'ibintu byinshi by'ingenzi. Icya mbere, kuba ubuzima bw'imijyi bwaranzwe n'urujya n'uruza byatumye umubare w'amaduka ya kawa na cafe mu mijyi minini ku isi wiyongera. Ubwiyongere bw'aya macumbi ntibwatumye ikawa iboneka ku baguzi gusa, ahubwo bwanahinduye imiterere y'imibereho y'abantu banywa ikawa. Cafe zahindutse ahantu heza ho gusabana aho abantu bahurira kugira ngo basabane, bakore cyangwa bishimire akanya ko kuruhuka, bityo bikagira uruhare mu kwiyongera k'ubukene bwa kawa.
Byongeye kandi, ubumenyi bwimbitse ku byiza by’ikawa ku buzima busanzwe nabyo byagize uruhare mu kwiyongera k’ubwiyongere bw’ikiguzi cyayo. Ubushakashatsi buherutse kugaragaza ibyiza bya kawa ku buzima, kuva mu kongera ubushobozi bwo gutekereza kugeza ku kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara indwara zimwe na zimwe. Kubera iyo mpamvu, abaguzi barushaho kubona ikawa atari isoko y’ingufu n’ubushyuhe gusa, ahubwo no nk’umuti ushobora gutuma irushaho gukenerwa ku isi.
Indi mpamvu ituma abantu bashaka ikawa ni ukwiyongera kw'amafaranga akoreshwa mu bihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere. Uko abaturage bo mu rwego rwo hagati biyongera mu bihugu nk'Ubushinwa, Ubuhinde na Burezili, ni ko abantu benshi bashobora kubona igikombe cya kawa buri munsi. Byongeye kandi, kuba muri utwo turere haranzwe no kunywa ikawa mu burengerazuba byatumye abantu bakunda ikawa kuruta ibinyobwa gakondo, bituma iba igice cy'ingenzi mu buzima bwa buri munsi bw'abantu benshi.
Byongeye kandi, kwaguka kw'umuco wa kawa ku isi byagize uruhare runini mu kwiyongera k'ubukene bwa kawa. Mbere, ikawa yakoreshwaga cyane cyane mu bihugu by'Iburengerazuba bw'Isi, ariko muri iki gihe umuco wa kawa ugaragara mu turere nka Aziya no mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati, aho ikoreshwa rya kawa riri kwiyongera. Iyi mpinduka yatewe n'ubwiyongere bw'urusobe rw'ikawa mpuzamahanga, ingaruka z'imbuga nkoranyambaga ndetse n'ubwiyongere bw'abashishikajwe no kubona no gushima ubwoko butandukanye bwa kawa hirya no hino ku isi.
Ukwiyongera kw'ikenerwa rya kawa ku isi kurimo kugira ingaruka ku nganda za kawa, bigira ingaruka kuri byose kuva ku musaruro kugeza ku ngamba zo kuyicuruza. Kwiyongera kw'ikenerwa ry'ibishyimbo byabo biva mu bihugu bihinga kawa nka Brezili, Viyetinamu na Kolombiya byatumye umusaruro n'ibyoherezwa mu mahanga byiyongera. Iyi nzira ntabwo igira ingaruka nziza gusa ku bukungu bw'ibi bihugu, ahubwo inatanga amahirwe ku bahinzi bato yo kwitabira amasoko mpuzamahanga, bityo bakongera imibereho yabo.
Byongeye kandi, kwiyongera k'ubukene bwa kawa byatumye inganda zose zihinduka zigana ku iterambere rirambye no gushaka isoko ry'imyitwarire myiza. Abaguzi bagenda barushaho gusobanukirwa ingaruka z'ibicuruzwa bagura ku bidukikije no ku mibereho myiza, bigatuma ubukene bwa kawa ikomoka ku mahame mbwirizamuco kandi ikorwa mu buryo burambye bwiyongera. Kubera iyo mpamvu, amasosiyete menshi ya kawa arimo gushora imari mu bikorwa birengera ibidukikije, icyemezo cy'ubucuruzi bw'ubucuruzi buboneye, ndetse n'imikoranire itaziguye n'abahinzi ba kawa kugira ngo bahaze ihinduka ry'ibyo abaguzi bafite inshingano bakeneye.
Ukwiyongera k'ubukene bw'ikawa ku isi bizana amahirwe n'imbogamizi ku bigo by'ikawa ku isi. Ku ruhande rumwe, ubukene bwiyongera bwatumye isoko ry'ibikomoka kuri kawa rizamuka cyane, bigatuma ibicuruzwa byagurishwa birushaho kwiyongera ndetse n'inyungu ku bakora mu nganda. Ku rundi ruhande, imiterere y'irushanwa yarushijeho kwiyongera, aho ibigo bihatanira isoko rikomeza kwaguka. Kubwibyo, guhanga udushya no gutandukanya ni ingenzi kugira ngo ubucuruzi bugaragare kandi bukurure ibitekerezo by'abaguzi basobanukiwe.
Muri make, ukwiyongera kw'ikwirakwizwa ry'ikawa ku isi ni ikintu gikomeye kirimo guhindura inganda za kawa kandi kikagira ingaruka ku myitwarire y'abaguzi ku isi yose. Inganda ziteguye gukomeza gukura no gutera imbere uko urukundo rwa kawa rurenga imipaka n'imico. Kuva ku mirima y'ikawa nziza yo muri Amerika y'Epfo kugeza ku mihanda y'imigi minini, urukundo rwa kawa rurimo gutera imbere, rutera intambwe ikomeye idafite ibimenyetso byo kugabanuka. Uko uburyohe bwa kawa ku isi bukomeza gutera imbere, inganda zigomba kumenyera no guhanga udushya kugira ngo zihuze n'ibyifuzo bihindagurika by'isoko kandi zirebe ko urukundo rw'iki kinyobwa gikundwa ruzakomeza kubaho mu bisekuru bizaza. Isoko rya kawa ririmo kwiyongera cyane, amakuru mashya agaragaza ko ikoreshwa rya kawa ku isi ririmo kwiyongera. Nk'uko raporo iherutse gukorwa na Market Research Future ibigaragaza, isoko rya kawa ku isi ryitezwe gukura ku gipimo cy'ubwiyongere bwa 5.5% buri mwaka kuva mu 2021 kugeza 2027. Raporo ivuga ko uku kwiyongera guterwa n'ubwiyongere bw'ikwirakwizwa ry'ikawa nziza n'iy'umwihariko, ndetse no kwiyongera kw'ikwirakwizwa rya kawa mu bakiri bato.
Kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi byatumye iri terambere rikura ni ukugukundwa cyane kwa kawa mu bakiriya ba Millennial na Gen Z. Aya matsinda afite ubushake bwo gukoresha amafaranga menshi ku ikawa nziza kandi atuma abantu bashaka ikawa yihariye kandi ihenze. Ibi byatumye isoko rya kawa ryaguka, aho amaduka menshi ya kawa n'amakaroni yihariye afunguye mu mijyi hirya no hino ku isi.
Uretse kwiyongera k’ubukene bwa kawa nziza, hari n’icyerekezo cyo kubungabunga ibidukikije kandi gikomoka ku bidukikije. Abaguzi barimo gushaka ikawa ihingwa kandi igasarurwa mu buryo burambye kandi biteguye kwishyura amafaranga menshi ku bicuruzwa byujuje ibi bipimo. Ibi byatumye isoko rya kawa y’umwimerere n’iy’ubucuruzi bw’umwimerere rikura, ndetse no kwiyongera kw’impamyabushobozi nka Rainforest Alliance na Fairtrade Certification.
Izamuka ry’ubucuruzi bwa elegitoroniki naryo ryagize uruhare runini mu iterambere ry’isoko rya kawa. Uko abaguzi benshi bagura kuri interineti, ibirango bya kawa bishobora kugera ku bantu benshi no kugurisha ku buryo butaziguye ku baguzi binyuze ku mbuga za interineti zabo cyangwa ku masoko ya interineti y’abandi. Ibi bifasha mu kugurisha no kongera ubumenyi ku bicuruzwa byihariye bya kawa kandi bihenze.
Icyorezo cya COVID-19 cyagize ingaruka zikomeye ku isoko rya kawa. Nubwo ifungwa ry'amaduka ya kawa na cafe ryatumye kugurisha ikawa bigabanuka by'agateganyo, abaguzi benshi bagiye gukora no kwishimira ikawa mu ngo zabo. Ibi byatumye kugurisha ibikoresho bya kawa nk'imashini za espresso, imashini zisya ikawa n'imashini zisuka ikawa hejuru byiyongera. Kubera iyo mpamvu, amasosiyete akora ibikoresho bya kawa aracyariyongera nubwo hari imbogamizi zatewe n'icyorezo.
Iterambere ry'isoko rya kawa ntirigarukira gusa mu bihugu byateye imbere. Ikoreshwa rya kawa riri kwiyongera cyane mu masoko ari kuzamuka nk'Ubushinwa, Ubuhinde na Burezili kuko inyungu ziyongera n'impinduka mu byo abaguzi bakunda bituma abantu bakenera ikawa nziza cyane. Ibi bitanga amahirwe akomeye ku batunganya ikawa n'abohereza mu mahanga, ndetse n'abacuruza ikawa n'abacuruzi b'ikawa bidasanzwe bashaka kwagura amasoko mashya.
Nubwo icyerekezo cy’isoko rya kawa ari cyiza, hari n’imbogamizi zimwe na zimwe zishobora kubaho. Imihindagurikire y’ikirere ibangamiye cyane umusaruro wa kawa, aho ubushyuhe buzamuka n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere bigira ingaruka ku bwiza n’umusaruro w’ibihingwa bya kawa. Byongeye kandi, ihungabana rya politiki n’ubukungu mu turere duhingwamo kawa bishobora guhungabanya urusobe rw’ibicuruzwa ndetse bigatera ihindagurika ry’ibiciro.
Kugira ngo ibyo bibazo bikemuke, amasosiyete menshi ya kawa arimo gushora imari mu buryo burambye bwo gushaka amasoko no gukora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo agabanye ingaruka z'imihindagurikire y'ikirere ku musaruro wa kawa. Ibi birimo ingamba zo guteza imbere ubuhinzi bw'amashyamba, kunoza imicungire y'amazi no gushyigikira abahinzi bato. Byongeye kandi, iyi sosiyete iri kwibanda ku guhanga udushya mu guhinga no gutunganya kawa, hibandwa ku guteza imbere ubwoko bushya bwa kawa burwanya ingaruka z'imihindagurikire y'ikirere.
Muri rusange, ahazaza h'isoko rya kawa ni heza, hakenewe cyane iterambere ry'ikawa nziza kandi yihariye ndetse n'udushya mu nganda. Uko ibyo abaguzi bakunda bikomeza guhinduka n'amasoko mashya afunguka, amasosiyete ya kawa afite amahirwe menshi yo kubaka ibirango byayo no kwagura ubucuruzi bwayo. Ariko, aya mahirwe agomba kuringanizwa n'ikibazo cyo gukemura ibibazo biterwa n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere no kwemeza ko inganda za kawa zirambye mu gihe kirekire.
Turi uruganda rwihariye mu gukora imifuka yo gupfunyikamo ikawa mu gihe cy'imyaka irenga 20. Twabaye rumwe mu nganda nini zikora imifuka ya kawa mu Bushinwa.
Dukoresha valve nziza cyane za WIPF zo mu Busuwisi kugira ngo ikawa yawe ikomeze kuba nshya.
Twakoze imifuka irinda ibidukikije, nk'imifuka ikoreshwa mu ifumbire n'imifuka ishobora kongera gukoreshwa. Ni yo mahitamo meza yo gusimbuza imifuka isanzwe ya pulasitiki.
Tubafashe mutwoherereze ubwoko bw'igikapu, ibikoresho, ingano n'ingano ukeneye. Kugira ngo tubashe kuguha ibiciro.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 22 Gashyantare 2024
