Mugadziri wepamusoro-soro wezvinhu zvishanu zvekugadzira mapakeji
•1,Pepa renyika dzese
International Paper ikambani inoita zvemapepa nekugadzira zvinhu pasi rose. Mabhizinesi ekambani iyi anosanganisira mapepa asina kuputirwa, maindasitiri nevatengi vanogadzira zvinhu zvemumasango. Dzimbahwe repasi rose rekambani iyi riri muMemphis, Tennessee, USA, rine vashandi vanosvika 59,500 munyika makumi maviri nemana nevatengi pasi rese. Kutengeswa kwekambani iyi muna 2010 kwaive mabhiriyoni makumi maviri nemashanu emadhora ekuAmerica.
Musi wa31 Ndira 1898, makambani gumi nemanomwe ekugadzira mapepa nemidziyo yepepa akabatana kuti vagadzire International Paper Company muAlbany, New York. Mumakore ekutanga ekambani iyi, International Paper yakagadzira 60% yepepa raidiwa neindasitiri yenhau dzeUS, uye zvigadzirwa zvayo zvakatumirwawo kuArgentina, United Kingdom, neAustralia.
Mabasa ebhizinesi eInternational Paper anofukidza North America, Latin America, Europe kusanganisira Russia, Asia neNorth Africa. Yakavambwa muna 1898, International Paper parizvino ndiyo kambani hombe pasi rose yezvigadzirwa zvemapepa nemasango uye imwe yemakambani mana chete akanyorwa muUnited States ane nhoroondo yezana remakore. Dzimbahwe rayo repasi rose riri muMemphis, Tennessee, USA. Kwemakore mapfumbamwe akatevedzana, yave ichinzi ndiyo kambani inoremekedzwa zvikuru muindasitiri yezvigadzirwa zvemasango nepepa muNorth America neFortune magazine. Yave ichinzi imwe yemakambani ane hunhu hwakanaka pasi rose neEthisphere magazine kwemakore mashanu akatevedzana. Muna 2012, yaive pachinzvimbo chechina nemakumi maviri nemana pane runyorwa rweFortune Global 500.
Mabasa eInternational Paper nevashandi muAsia akasiyana-siyana. Inoshanda munyika pfumbamwe muAsia, ichitaura mitauro minomwe, ine vashandi vanopfuura 8,000, inotarisira huwandu hwakawanda hwemafekitori ekurongedza netambo dzemapepa, pamwe ne network yakakura yekutenga nekuparadzira. Dzimbahwe reAsia riri muShanghai, China. Kutengeswa kweInternational Paper Asia muna 2010 kwakasvika mabhiriyoni US$1.4. MuAsia, International Paper yakazvipira kuva mugari akanaka uye kutora mabasa emagariro evanhu: kutora chikamu mumapurojekiti ekupa zvipo zvezororo, kugadzira mabhezari eyunivhesiti, kutora chikamu mumapurojekiti ekudyara miti kuderedza kukanganiswa kwecarbon, nezvimwewo.
Zvigadzirwa zveInternational Paper uye maitiro ekugadzira eInternational Paper zvinokoshesa zvikuru kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza. International Paper yakazvipira kuchengetedza budiriro inoenderera mberi, uye zvigadzirwa zvese zvine zvitupa zvevamwe zvinosanganisira Sustainable Forestry Action Plan, Forestry Stewardship Council uye Forest Certification System Recognition Program. Kuzvipira kweInternational Paper kune zvakatipoteredza kunowanikwa nekutarisira zviwanikwa zvechisikigo, kuderedza kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza uye kutanga hukama hwakakosha.
•2, Berry Global Group, Inc.
Berry Global Group, Inc. ikambani yepasi rose inogadzira uye inotengesa zvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki zveFortune 500. Ichiva nehofisi huru muEvansville, Indiana, ine zvivako zvinopfuura 265 nevashandi vanopfuura 46,000 pasi rose, kambani iyi yakawana mari inodarika mabhiriyoni gumi nemana emadhora muna 2022 uye ndeimwe yemakambani makuru ari muIndiana akanyorwa muFortune Magazine ranking. Kambani iyi yakachinja zita rayo kubva kuBerry Plastics kuenda kuBerry Global muna 2017.
Kambani iyi ine zvikamu zvitatu zvikuru: Hutano, Hutsanana uye Nyanzvi; Kurongedza Kwevatengi; uye Zvinhu Zvakagadzirwa Neinjiniya. Berry anoti ndiye anotungamira pasi rose mukugadzira zvivharo zveaerosol uye anopawo imwe yemhando dzakasiyana dzezvigadzirwa zvemakontena. Berry ine vatengi vanopfuura 2,500, kusanganisira makambani akadai seSherwin-Williams, Borden's, McDonald's, Burger King, Gillette, Procter & Gamble, PepsiCo, Nestlé, Coca-Cola, Walmart, Kmart neHershey Foods.
MuEvansville, Indiana, kambani inonzi Imperial Plastics yakavambwa muna 1967. Pakutanga, fekitori iyi yaishanda vashandi vatatu uye yaishandisa muchina wekugadzira majekiseni kugadzira mavharo eaerosol (Berry Global muEvansville yaishanda vanhu vanopfuura 2,400 muna 2017). Kambani iyi yakatengwa naJack Berry Sr. muna 1983. Muna 1987, kambani iyi yakawedzera kekutanga kunze kweEvansville, ichivhura nzvimbo yechipiri muHenderson, Nevada.
Mumakore achangopfuura, Berry akapedza kutenga zvinhu zvakawanda, zvinosanganisira Mammoth Containers, Sterling Products, Tri-Plas, Alpha Products, PackerWare, Venture Packaging, Virginia Design Packaging, Container Industries, Knight Engineering and Plastics, Cardinal Packaging, Poly-Seal, Landis Plastics, Euromex Plastics SA de CV, Kerr Group, Covalence Specialty Materials (yaimbova Tyco Plastics & Adhesives business), Rollpak, Captive Plastics, MAC Closures, Superfos nePliant Corporation.
Ine muzinda wayo muChicago Ridge, IL, Landis Plastics, Inc. inotsigira vatengi vari kuNorth America nezvivakwa zvishanu zvemumba zvinogadzira mapurasitiki akaumbwa nejekiseni uye akagadziriswa ekugadzirwa kwemukaka nezvimwe zvigadzirwa zvekudya. Landis isati yatengwa neBerry Plastics muna 2003, yakawana kukura kwakasimba kwekutengesa kwezvinhu zvakasikwa kwe10.4% mumakore gumi nemashanu apfuura. Muna 2002, Landis yakatengesa zvinhu zve $211.6 miriyoni.
MunaGunyana 2011, Berry Plastics yakatenga 100% yemari yeRexam SBC nemutengo wekutenga wemadhora mazana matatu nemakumi mashanu nerimwe emamiriyoni (mari inosvika mamiriyoni mazana matatu nemakumi mana emadhora ($340 miriyoni) nemari yakawanikwa, ichibhadhara kutenga nechikwereti chiripo uye zvikwereti zviripo. Rexam inogadzira mapurasitiki akasimba, kunyanya mapurasitiki akavharwa, zvishandiso uye masisitimu ekuvhara, pamwe nemajagi. Kutenga kwacho kwakaverengerwa nekushandisa nzira yekutenga, nemutengo wekutenga wakaiswa kune zvinhu zvinozivikanwa uye zvikwereti zvichienderana nemutengo wazvo wakatarwa pazuva rekutenga. Muna Chikunguru 2015, Berry akazivisa hurongwa hwekutenga AVINTIV iri muCharlotte, North Carolina nemari inosvika mabhiriyoni maviri nemakumi mana nemashanu emadhora.
Muna Nyamavhuvhu 2016, Berry Global yakatenga AEP Industries neUS$765 miriyoni.
Muna Kubvumbi 2017, kambani iyi yakazivisa kuti yaizochinja zita rayo kuita Berry Global Group, Inc. Muna Mbudzi 2017, Berry akazivisa kutenga Clopay Plastic Products Company, Inc. neUS$475 miriyoni. Muna Nyamavhuvhu 2018, Berry Global yakatenga Laddawn nemari isingazivikanwe. Muna Chikunguru 2019, Berry Global yakatenga RPC Group neUS$6.5 bhiriyoni. Pamwe chete, Berry ichazivikanwa pasi rose kupfuura nzvimbo 290 pasi rose, kusanganisira nzvimbo dziri kuNorth neSouth America, Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia neRussia. Bhizinesi iri rinotarisirwa kushandira vanhu vanopfuura 48,000 mumakondinendi matanhatu uye richaita kuti pave nekutengesa kwemari inosvika mabhiriyoni gumi nematatu emadhora, zvichienderana nemashoko emari achangoburwa naBerry neRPC.
•3. Ball Corporation
Ball Corporation ikambani yekuAmerica ine muzinda wayo muWestminster, Colorado. Inozivikanwa zvikuru nekugadzira kwayo kwekutanga magaba egirazi, zvivharo, nezvimwe zvinoshandiswa pakubika magaba emumba. Kubva payakavambwa muBuffalo, New York, muna 1880, payaizivikanwa seWooden Jacket Can Company, kambani yeBall yakawedzera uye yakapararira mune mamwe mabhizinesi, kusanganisira tekinoroji yendege. Yakazopedzisira yava mugadziri mukuru pasi rose wezvinwiwa zvesimbi zvinogona kushandiswazve uye midziyo yechikafu.
Hama dzeBall dzakatumidza bhizinesi ravo zita idzva rekuti Ball Brothers Glass Manufacturing Company, yakatangwa muna 1886. Dzimbahwe rayo guru, pamwe chete nemabasa ayo ekugadzira magirazi nesimbi, zvakatamisirwa kuMuncie, Indiana, muna 1889. Bhizinesi iri rakatumidzwa zita rekuti Ball Brothers Company muna 1922 uye Ball Corporation muna 1969. Rakava kambani yemasheya inotengeswa pachena paNew York Stock Exchange muna 1973.
Ball akasiya bhizinesi rekuchengetera zvinhu mudzimba muna 1993 nekushandura kambani yaimbova kambani (Alltrista) kuita kambani yakazvimirira, iyo yakazvitumidza zita rekuti Jarden Corporation. Sechikamu chekambani iyi, Jarden ine rezenisi yekushandisa chiratidzo cheBall chakanyoreswa pamhando yayo yezvigadzirwa zvekuchengetera zvinhu mudzimba. Nhasi uno, Ball brand yemajagi ekugadzira zvinhu mudzimba nezvinhu zvekuchengetera zvinhu mudzimba ndeyeNewell Brands.
Kwemakore anopfuura makumi mapfumbamwe, Ball yakaramba iri bhizinesi remhuri. Yakatumidzwa zita rekuti Ball Brothers Company muna 1922, yakaramba ichizivikanwa nekugadzira majagi emichero, zvivharo, nezvimwe zvigadzirwa zvine chekuita nekuchengetera zvinhu mumagaba. Kambani iyi yakapindawo mune mamwe mabhizinesi. Nekuti zvikamu zvina zvikuru zvezvigadzirwa zvavo zvikuru zvemajagi ekuisa zvinhu mumagaba zvaisanganisira girazi, zinc, rabha, uye bepa, kambani yeBall yakatenga muchina wekugadzira zinc strip rolling mill kuti igadzire zvivharo zvesimbi zvemagaba avo egirazi, yakagadzira mhete dzerabha dzemagaba, uye yakatenga muchina wekugadzira mapepa kuti igadzire mapakeji aishandiswa mukutumira zvigadzirwa zvavo. Kambani iyi yakatengawo makambani etin, simbi, uye gare gare, epurasitiki.
Ball Corporation yakavandudza zvinyorwa zvayo zvekuchengetedza nharaunda kubvira muna 2006, apo kambani yakatanga kuedza kwayo kwekutanga kuchengetedza nharaunda. Muna 2008, Ball Corporation yakaburitsa mushumo wayo wekutanga wekuchengetedza nharaunda uye yakatanga kuburitsa mishumo yekuchengetedza nharaunda yakazotevera pawebhusaiti yayo. Mushumo wekutanga waive weACCA-Ceres North American Sustainability Awards pamwe chete nemubayiro weBest First Time Reporter muna 2009.
•4, Tetra Pak International SA
Chikamu Chinotsigirwa Nevose cheGroupe Tetra Laval
Yakabatanidzwa: 1951 saAB Tetra Pak
Tetra Pak International SA inogadzira magaba ane laminated akadai semabhokisi ejusi. Kwemakumi emakore ichizivikanwa nekurongedza kwayo kwakasiyana kwemukaka we tetrahedral, zvigadzirwa zvekambani iyi zvakura kusvika zvasanganisira mazana emagaba akasiyana-siyana. Ndiyo kambani inotungamira mukutengesa mabhodhoro emukaka epurasitiki. Nemakambani ayo, Tetra Pak inoti ndiyo yega inopa masisitimu akazara ekugadzirisa, kurongedza, uye kugovera chikafu chemvura pasi rese. Zvigadzirwa zveTetra Pak zvinotengeswa munyika dzinopfuura 165. Kambani iyi inozvitsanangura semubatsiri mukugadzira pfungwa dzevatengi vayo kwete semutengesi chete. Tetra Pak nedzinza rayo rekutanga vanga vachizivikanwa nekuvanza purofiti; kambani huru yeTetra Laval inotongwa nemhuri yaGad Rausing, akafa muna 2000, kuburikidza neYora Holding neBaldurion BV yakanyoreswa kuNetherlands. Kambani iyi yakashuma mapakeji mabhiriyoni 94.1 akatengeswa muna 2001.
Kwakatangira
Dr. Ruben Rausing akazvarwa musi wa17 Chikumi 1895 muRaus, Sweden. Mushure mekudzidza zvehupfumi muStockholm, akaenda kuAmerica muna 1920 kunodzidza zvedzidzo yepamusoro paColumbia University yeNew York. Ikoko, akaona kukura kwezvitoro zvinotengesa zvekudya, izvo zvaaifunga kuti zvaizouya muEurope munguva pfupi iri kutevera, pamwe nekudiwa kukuru kwezvekudya zvakaputirwa. Muna 1929, naErik Akerlund, vakatanga kambani yekutanga yekurongedza zvinhu muScandinavia.
Kugadzirwa kwechirongo chitsva chemukaka kwakatanga muna 1943. Chinangwa chaive chekupa chikafu chakachengeteka zvakakwana uchishandisa zvinhu zvishoma. Zvirongo zvitsva zvakagadzirwa kubva pachubhu yakazadzwa nemvura; zvikamu zvega zvega zvakavharirwa pasi pehuwandu hwechinwiwa chiri mukati pasina kuunza mweya. Zvinonzi Rausing akawana pfungwa iyi kubva pakuona mudzimai wake Elizabeth achizadza masoseji. Erik Wallenberg, uyo akabatana nekambani iyi semushandi wemurabhoritari, anonzi ndiye akagadzira pfungwa iyi, iyo yaakabhadharwa SKr 3,000 (mwedzi mitanhatu yemuhoro panguva iyoyo).
Tetra Pak yakavambwa muna 1951 sechikamu cheAkerlund & Rausing. Sisitimu itsva yekurongedza yakavhurwa musi wa18 Chivabvu wegore iroro. Gore rakatevera, yakaendesa muchina wayo wekutanga wekurongedza kirimu mumabhokisi etetrahedral kuLundaortens Mejerifõrening, kambani yemukaka iri muLund, Sweden. Chirongo che100 ml, chakafukidzwa nepurasitiki kwete paraffin, chaizotumidzwa zita rekuti Tetra Classic. Izvi zvisati zvaitika, mabhizinesi emukaka ekuEurope aiwanzoburitsa mukaka mumabhodhoro kana mune mamwe mabhodhoro aiunzwa nevatengi. Tetra Classic yaive nehutsanana uye, pamwe nekugoverwa kwega kwega, zvaive nyore.
Kambani iyi yakaramba ichinyanya kutarisa pakurongedza zvinwiwa kwemakore makumi mana akatevera. Tetra Pak yakaunza katoni yekutanga yepasi rose yeaseptic muna 1961. Yakazozivikanwa seTetra Classic Aseptic (TCA). Chigadzirwa ichi chakanga chakasiyana nenzira mbiri dzakakosha kubva kuTetra Classic yekutanga. Chekutanga chaive chekuwedzerwa kwealuminium. Chechipiri ndechekuti chigadzirwa chacho chakaiswa sterilize pakupisa kwakanyanya. Kurongedza kutsva kweaseptic kwakaita kuti mukaka nezvimwe zvigadzirwa zvichengetwe kwemwedzi yakati wandei pasina firiji. Institute of Food Technologists yakati ichi ndicho chinhu chakakosha zvikuru chekurongedza chikafu muzana rino remakore.
Kuvaka naErik muma1970-80s
Tetra Brik Aseptic (TBA), vhezheni yerectangular, yakatanga muna 1968 uye yakakonzera kukura kukuru kwenyika dzakawanda. TBA ndiyo yaizotungamira mabhizimisi mazhinji eTetra Pak muzana remakore rinotevera. Borden Inc. yakaunza Brik Pak kuvatengi vekuUS muna 1981 payakatanga kushandisa kurongedza uku kwejusi dzayo. Panguva iyoyo, mari yeTetra Pak pasi rose yaive SKr 9.3 bhiriyoni ($1.1 bhiriyoni). Ichishanda munyika 83, marezinesi ayo aiburitsa makontena anopfuura mabhiriyoni makumi matatu pagore, kana 90 muzana yemusika wepakeji isina utachiona, yakashuma Business Week. Tetra Pak yakati yaitakura 40 muzana yemusika wepakeji yemukaka muEurope, yakashuma Financial Times yeBritain. Kambani iyi yaive nemafekitori makumi maviri nemaviri, matatu acho ekugadzira michina. Tetra Pak yaishanda vanhu 6,800, vanosvika 2,000 vavo muSwitzerland.
Mapakeji ekofi nekirimu eTetra Pak aiwanikwa kwose kwose, aiwanzoonekwa mumaresitorendi, panguva iyoyo aingova chikamu chidiki chekutengesa. Katoni yeTetra Prisma Aseptic, iyo yakazoshandiswa munyika dzinopfuura 33, yaizova imwe yekubudirira kukuru kwekambani. Katoni iyi ine octagonal ine pull-tab uye mikana yakasiyana-siyana yekudhinda. Tetra Fino Aseptic, yakatangwa muEgypt, yaive imwe hunyanzvi hwakabudirira hwenguva imwe chete iyoyo. Katoni iyi isingadhuri yaive nepepa/polyethylene homwe uye yaishandiswa pakugadzira mukaka. Tetra Wedge Aseptic yakatanga kuoneka muIndonesia. Tetra Top, yakatangwa muna 1991, yaive nepurasitiki inogona kuvharwazve.
Tinozvipira kuita kuti chikafu chive chakachengeteka uye chiwanikwe kwese kwese. Tinoshanda nevatengi vedu uye nevatengi vedu kuti tipe mhinduro dzekugadzirisa chikafu dzatinofarira. Tinoshandisa kuzvipira kwedu mukuvandudza zvinhu zvitsva, kunzwisisa kwedu zvinodiwa nevatengi, uye hukama hwedu nevatengesi kuti tipe mhinduro idzi, kwese kwese uye chero nguva inodyiwa chikafu. Tinotenda muhutungamiriri hweindasitiri hune mutoro, kugadzira kukura kunobatsira kunoenderana nekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, uye kuva vagari vemakambani akanaka.
Gad Rausing akafa muna 2000, achisiya muridzi wehumambo hweTetra Laval kuvana vake—Jorn, Finn, naKristen. Paakatengesa mugove wake wekambani kuna mukoma wake muna 1995, Hans Rausing akabvumawo kusakwikwidzana neTetra Pak kusvika muna 2001. Akabuda pamudyandigere achitsigira kambani yekurongedza yekuSweden, EcoLean, yakatsaurirwa kugadzira "Lean-Material" itsva inoora inogadzirwa nechoko. Rausing akawana mugove we57 muzana mubhizinesi iri, iro rakaumbwa muna 1996 naAke Rosen.
Tetra Pak yakaramba ichiunza zvinhu zvitsva. Muna 2002, kambani iyi yakatanga muchina mutsva wekurongedza unomhanya zvikuru, TBA/22. Waikwanisa kurongedza makatoni zviuru makumi maviri paawa, zvichiita kuti uve unokurumidza kupfuura mimwe yose pasi rose. Mukugadzirwa kwacho kwaive neTetra Recart, katoni yekutanga pasi rose inogona kucheneswa.
•5, Amcor
•5, Amcor
Amcor plc ikambani yepasi rose inorongedza zvinhu. Inogadzira uye inogadzira zvinhu zvinochinjika, magaba akaomarara, makatoni emhando yepamusoro, mavharo uye masevhisi ezvekudya, zvinwiwa, mishonga, zvishandiso zvekurapa, zvekuchengetedza kumba nezvemunhu, nezvimwe zvigadzirwa.
Kambani iyi yakatanga mumabhizinesi ekugadzira mapepa akatangwa muMelbourne, Australia, muma1860 ayo akabatanidzwa seAustralian Paper Mills Company Pty Ltd, muna 1896.
Amcor ikambani ine makambani maviri, iri paAustralian Securities Exchange (ASX: AMC) neNew York Stock Exchange (NYSE: AMCR).
Kubva musi wa30 Chikumi 2023, kambani iyi yaive nevashandi vanosvika zviuru makumi mana nechimwe (41,000) uye yakawana US$14.7 bhiriyoni mukutengesa kubva mumabasa munzvimbo dzinosvika mazana maviri munyika dzinopfuura makumi mana.
Zvichiratidza chinzvimbo chayo pasi rose, Amcor inosanganisirwa muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvemusika wemasheya pasi rose, zvinosanganisira Dow Jones Sustainability Index, CDP Climate Disclosure Leadership Index (Australia), MSCI Global Sustainability Index, Ethibel Excellence Investment Register, uye FTSE4Good Index Series.
Amcor ine zvikamu zviviri zvemishumo: Flexibles Packaging uye Rigid Plastics.
Flexibles Packaging inogadzira uye inopa mabhokisi ekurongedza anochinjika uye mabhokisi ekupeta akasarudzika. Ine mayuniti mana ebhizinesi: Flexibles Europe, Middle East neAfrica; Flexibles Americas; Flexibles Asia Pacific; uye Specialty Cartons.
Rigid Plastics ndeimwe yemakambani makuru pasi rose anopa mapurasitiki akasimba.[8] Ine mabhizinesi mana: North America Beverages; North America Specialty Containers; Latin America; uye Bericap Closures.
Amcor inogadzira uye inogadzira mapakeji ekushandisa pamwe chete nezvikafu zvekudya zvinonaka, chizi neyogati, zvirimwa zvitsva, zvigadzirwa zvezvinwiwa nezvezvipfuyo, uye midziyo yepurasitiki yakaoma yezvigadzirwa muzvikamu zvekudya, zvinwiwa, zvemishonga, uye zvekutarisira munhu wega uye zvepamba.
Kurongedza mishonga kwekambani iyi pasi rose kunotarisa zvinodiwa pakushandisa mayuniti, kuchengetedzeka, kutevedzera mitemo yemurwere, kudzivirira kushandiswa kwemishonga yekunyepera uye kugara kwenguva refu.
Makatoni eAmcor akagadzirwa nezvinhu zvepurasitiki anoshandiswa mumisika yakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira mishonga, hutano, chikafu, doro newaini, zvigadzirwa zvemunhu uye zvekuchengeta kumba. Amcor inogadzirawo uye inogadzira waini nemidziyo yekudzivirira.
Muna Kukadzi 2018, kambani iyi yakatengesa tekinoroji yayo yeLiquiform, iyo inoshandisa chigadzirwa chakabatanidzwa panzvimbo pemhepo yakamanikidzwa kugadzira nekuzadza midziyo yepurasitiki panguva imwe chete uye inobvisa mari inobatanidzwa nekugadzira zvinhu zvechinyakare, pamwe nekubata, kutakura, uye kuchengetedza midziyo isina chinhu.
YPAK Packaging iri muGuangdong, China. Yakavambwa muna 2000, ikambani yehunyanzvi yekurongedza ine mafekitori maviri ekugadzira. Takazvipira kuva mumwe wevatengesi vepamusoro-soro vekurongedza pasi rose. Kuti tigutse zvinodiwa nevatengi vakawanda, tinoshandisa maroller plates makuru. Izvi zvinoita kuti mavara ezvigadzirwa zvedu aonekwe zvakanyanya uye ruzivo rwacho ruve rwakajeka; munguva iyi, kwaive nevatengi vazhinji vane zvinodiwa zvidiki zvekuodha. Takaunza muchina wekudhinda weHP INDIGO 25K wedhijitari, uyo wakagonesa MOQ yedu kuva 1000pcs uye wakagutsawo zvakasiyana-siyana zvemagadzirirwo. Panyaya yekugadzira maitiro akakosha, tekinoroji yeROUGH MATTE FINISH yakakurudzirwa nemainjiniya edu eR&D iri pakati pegumi vepamusoro pasi rose. Munguva iyo nyika iri kuda budiriro inochengetedza, takatanga kurongedza zvinhu zvinogona kudzokororwa/kugadziriswa uye tinogonawo kupa Chitupa chedu chekuenderana mushure mekunge chigadzirwa chatumirwa kusangano rine chiremera kuti chiongororwe. Tinokugamuchirai kuti mutibate chero nguva, YPAK iri pabasa renyu maawa makumi maviri nemana pazuva.
Nguva yekutumira: Mbudzi-09-2023
