Mitemo mitsva yeSpain ine nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekukurudzira kudzokorodza mapurasitiki
Musi wa31 Kurume, 2022, Paramende yeSpain yakapasisa Mutemo weWaste and Contaminated Soil Promoting Circular Economy, uchirambidza kushandiswa kwephthalates nebisphenol A mumapakeji ezvekudya uye uchitsigira kushandiswazve kwemapakeji ezvekudya muna 2022. Uchatanga kushanda zviri pamutemo musi wa9 Kubvumbi.
Mutemo uyu une chinangwa chekuderedza kugadzirwa kwemarara, kunyanya mapurasitiki anoshandiswa kamwe chete, uye kugadzirisa kukanganisa kwakashata kwemarara ekurongedza pahutano hwevanhu nenharaunda, uye kukurudzira kukura kwehupfumi hwakatenderera. Mutemo uyu unotsiva Mutemo Nhamba 22/2011 weKudzora Marara neIvhu Rakasvibiswa we28 Chikunguru 2011 uye unosanganisira Mutemo (EU) 2018/851 wemarara uye Mutemo (EU) 2019/904 wekudzikiswa kweMimwe Mirairo pamusoro pemigumisiro yezvakatipoteredza yezvimwe zvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki zvakaiswa muhurongwa hwemutemo weSpain.
Kuderedza mhando dzezvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki pamusika
Kuti zvideredze kukanganiswa kwezvinhu zvepurasitiki panharaunda, mutemo we "Waste and Contaminated Soil Promotion of Circular Economy Law" unowedzera mhando itsva dzepurasitiki dzinorambidzwa kuiswa pamusika weSpain:
1. Zvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki zvakataurwa muchikamu cheIVB cheAnnex to the Regulation;
2. Chero chigadzirwa chepurasitiki chakagadzirwa uchishandisa mapurasitiki anogona kuora neoxidative;
3. Zvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki zvine ma microplastics akawedzerwa nemaune ari pasi pe5 mm.
Nezvezvirambidzo zvakatarwa muchikamu, zviri muAnnex XVII to Regulation (EC) Nha. 1907/2006 yeEuropean Parliament and of the Council (REACH Regulation) zvichashanda.
Annex IVB inotaura kuti zvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki zvinoraswa zvakaita semachira edonje, zvimedu zvekushandisa, ndiro, mastraw, mabhodhoro ezvinwiwa, zvimiti zvinoshandiswa kugadzirisa nekubatanidza mabharumu, midziyo yezvinwiwa yakagadzirwa nepolystyrene yakawedzerwa, nezvimwewo hazvibvumidzwe kuiswa pamusika, senge zvekurapa, nezvimwewo. Kunze kwekunge zvataurwa neimwe nzira.
Kurudzira kudzokorodza uye kushandisa mapurasitiki
Mutemo weMarara neIvhu Rakasvibiswa Unokurudzira Kubudirira Kwehupfumi unogadzirisa zvinangwa zvepurasitiki yakadzokororwa muMutemo Nhamba 22/2011: panosvika 2025, mabhodhoro ese epolyethylene terephthalate (PET) anofanira kunge aine 25% yepurasitiki yakadzokororwa, Panosvika 2030, mabhodhoro ePET anofanira kunge aine 30% yepurasitiki yakadzokororwa. Mutemo uyu unotarisirwa kukurudzira kukura kwemusika wechipiri wePET yakadzokororwa muSpain.
Pamusoro pezvo, kuitira kukurudzira kudzokororwa kwezvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki, chikamu chepurasitiki chakadzokororwa chiri muzvigadzirwa zvinobhadhariswa mutero hachibhadharwi mutero. Maitiro ekupinza zvigadzirwa mukati mechikamu chemutero anofanirwa kunyora huwandu hwepurasitiki dzisina kudzokororwa dzinobva kunze kwenyika. Mutemo uyu unotanga kushanda kubva Ndira 1, 2023.
Kubva musi wa1 Ndira 2023, zvichienderana nepfungwa dzehupfumi hwakatenderera, Spain ichatanga kubhadharisa mutero wepurasitiki pamapurasitiki anoshandiswa kamwe chete, asingazoshandisikezve.
Zvinhu zvinobhadhariswa mutero:
Kusanganisira vagadziri vemuSpain, makambani nevanhu vanozvishandira vanotenga zvinhu kuSpain uye vanoita basa rekutenga zvinhu muEU.
Mutero:
Ine pfungwa yakakura ye "kurongedza mapurasitiki asingadzokororwe", kusanganisira:
1. Inoshandiswa kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki zvisingashandisike zvakare, zvinopedzwa nepurasitiki;
2. Inoshandiswa kubatanidza, kutengesa kana kuratidza zvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki zvisingashandisikezve;
3. Zvirongo zvepurasitiki zvisingadzokororwe kushandiswa.
Mimwe mienzaniso yezvigadzirwa zviri mukati memutero zvinosanganisira asi hazvigumiri pa: mabhegi epurasitiki, mabhodhoro epurasitiki, mabhokisi epurasitiki ekurongedza, mafirimu epurasitiki ekurongedza, matepi epurasitiki ekurongedza, makapu epurasitiki, ndiro dzepurasitiki, mastraw epurasitiki, mabhegi epurasitiki ekurongedza, nezvimwewo.
Kunyangwe zvigadzirwa izvi zvichishandiswa pakurongedza chikafu, zvinwiwa, zvinodiwa zvezuva nezuva kana zvimwe zvinhu, chero bedzi kurongedza kwekunze kwepakeji kwakagadzirwa nepurasitiki, mutero wekurongedza wepurasitiki uchabhadharwa.
Kana iri purasitiki inogona kushandiswazve, chitupa chekudzokorodza chinodiwa.
mwero wemutero:
Mutero wemutero iEUR 0.45 pakirogiramu zvichibva pachirevo chehuremu hwese muChikamu 47.
Pfungwa dzekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza nebudiriro inoenderera mberi dziri kutariswa munyika dzakawanda pasi rose. Nekuda kweizvozvo, pane kusimbiswa kuri kukura pakudiwa kwekutsiva mapurasitiki anoshandiswa kamwe chete neanogona kushandiswazve kana kuora. Kuchinja uku kwakakonzerwa nekuzivikanwa kwekukanganisa kwakakonzerwa nemarara epurasitiki panharaunda, kunyanya panyaya yekusvibiswa uye kupera kwezviwanikwa zvechisikigo.
Mukupindura nyaya iyi inonetsa, nyika zhinji dziri kukoshesa kutsvaga vatengesi vakavimbika kuti zviite kuti mapurasitiki akwanise kushandiswazve kana kuora. Chinangwa ndechekutsiva zvachose mapurasitiki nezvinhu zvisina njodzi kunharaunda, nokudaro zvichideredza mutoro wezvakatipoteredza unokonzerwa nemapurasitiki asingadzokororwe.
Kuchinja kubva pakurongedza mapurasitiki kuenda pakurongedza kunogona kushandiswazve kana kuora inhanho yakakosha yekuwana kuchengetedzeka uye kuderedza kukanganiswa kwezvakatipoteredza kwemaindasitiri akasiyana-siyana. Nekugamuchira shanduko iyi, mabhizinesi nevatengi vanogona kubatsira mukuchengetedza nharaunda nezviwanikwa zvechisikigo.
Zvinhu zvekurongedza zvinogona kushandiswazve uye zvinoora zvinopa mhinduro yakanaka kumatambudziko anokonzerwa nekurongedza kwepurasitiki kwechinyakare. Izvi hazvingodzikisi kuvimba nezvinhu zvisingadzokororwe chete, asi zvinobatsirawo kuderedza kuunganidzwa kwemarara epurasitiki munzvimbo dzinorasirwa marara nemakungwa. Pamusoro pezvo, kushandiswa kwekurongedza kunogona kushandiswazve uye kuora kunotsigira hupfumi hwedenderedzwa nekukurudzira kushandiswazve uye kudzokororwa kwezvinhu, nokudaro zvichideredza kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza.
Sezvo kudiwa kwekurongedza zvinhu zvisina njodzi kuchiri kuramba kuchikura, indasitiri iyi iri kuona kuwedzera kwehunyanzvi hutsva uye kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji kwakanangana nekugadzira mhinduro dzekugadzirisa matambudziko ekuchengetedza nharaunda. Izvi zvinosanganisira kutsvaga zvinhu zvitsva uye maitiro ekugadzira anotevedzera misimboti yekutarisira nharaunda uye kushanda zvakanaka kwezviwanikwa.
Muchidimbu, kutsiviwa kwemapurasitiki ekugadzirisa zvinhu neanogona kushandiswazve kana kuora kunoratidza shanduko yakakosha pakuchengetedza nharaunda. Nekuisa pamberi mapurasitiki asina njodzi kunharaunda, nyika nemakambani vari kutora matanho ekugadzirisa matambudziko ezvakatipoteredza ane chekuita nemarara epurasitiki. Shanduko iyi haingosimbisi chete kuzvipira kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza asiwo inoratidza kushanda pamwe chete kuvaka remangwana rakasimba uye rakasimba kune zvizvarwa zvinotevera.
Tiri vagadziri vane hunyanzvi mukugadzira mabhegi ekurongedza kofi kwemakore anopfuura makumi maviri. Tava mumwe wevagadziri vakuru vemabhegi ekofi muChina.
Tinoshandisa mavharuvhu eWIPF emhando yepamusoro kubva kuSwiss kuti kofi yenyu igare yakachena.
Tagadzira mabhegi asingakuvadzi nharaunda, akadai semabhegi anogadziriswa manyowa、Mabhegi anogona kushandiswazve uye kurongedza zvinhu zvePCR. Ndiwo akanakisa ekutsiva mabhegi epurasitiki echinyakare.
Tabatanidza katarogu yedu, ndapota titumirei rudzi rwebhegi, zvinhu, saizi uye huwandu hwamunoda. Kuti tikwanise kukutengerai.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-12-2024
