Ukupakisha okulungelelanisiweyo okungasetyenziswa kwakhona: Imigangatho yaseJamani kunye nempembelelo yayo kwiingxowa zekofu
Umzamo wehlabathi jikelele wokupakisha okuzinzileyo nokungasetyenziswa kwakhona uye wanda kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Njengoko ulwazi lwabathengi ngokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo lusanda, imfuno yokupakisha okusebenzayo nokunobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo iyaqhubeka nokukhula. Oku kukhokelele ekugxininisweni okukhulu ekusetyenzisweni kwakhona kwezinto zokupakisha, apho amazwe esebenzisa iinkqubo zovavanyo oluqinileyo kunye neziqinisekiso ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukupakisha kuyahlangabezana nemigangatho ezinzileyo. IJamani, ngokukodwa, ivele njengenkokeli kule nkalo, kunye nezinye zeenkqubo zovavanyo oluqinileyo kunye neziqinisekiso zokupakisha okuzinzileyo. Oku kunefuthe elibalulekileyo kumashishini ahlukeneyo, kuquka ishishini lekofu, apho ukuphinda kusetyenziswe ukupakisha kweengxowa zekofu kujongwa kakhulu.
Ukuphinda kusetyenziswe iipakethe kuye kwaba yinto ephambili eqwalaselwayo kumashishini nakubathengi. Ukuphinda kusetyenziswe iipakethe kuhambelanayo kubhekisa kwizixhobo zokupakisha ezinokuphinda kusetyenziswe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye zisetyenziswe kwakhona kwinkqubo evaliweyo, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo yenkunkuma yokupakisha. EJamani, ukuphinda kusetyenziswe iipakethe kuvavanywa kwaye kuqinisekiswe ngenkqubo engqongqo evavanya ukwakheka kwezinto, ukuphinda kusetyenziswe kunye nempembelelo yokusingqongileyo yepakethe. Isatifikethi sokuphinda kusetyenziswe esikhutshwe yi-arhente yovavanyo yaseJamani sisebenza njengophawu lokuvunywa, olubonisa ukuba ukupakisha kuyahlangabezana nelizwe.'imigangatho engqongqo yokusetyenziswa kwakhona.
Kwishishini lekofu, ukupakishwa kweengxowa zekofu kuye kwaba yeyona nto iphambili kwimizamo yokupakisha ezinzileyo. Iingxowa zekofu zihlala zenziwe ngokudibanisa izinto ezifana nephepha, iplastiki kunye ne-aluminium ukuqinisekisa ukuba imveliso itsha kwaye ihlala ixesha elide. Nangona kunjalo, ukwakheka kweengxowa zekofu ezinamalaya amaninzi kunokubangela imingeni yokuphinda isetyenziswe, njengoko izinto ezahlukeneyo kufuneka zahlulwe kwaye zicutshungulwe ngokufanelekileyo ukuze zisetyenziswe kwakhona. Oku kuye kwabangela abavelisi bekofu kunye nabavelisi bokupakisha ukuba baphinde bahlole uyilo kunye nokwakheka kweengxowa zekofu ukuze bahlangabezane neemfuno zokupakisha okungasetyenziswa kwakhona, ngakumbi kwiimarike ezifana neJamani, enemigangatho engqongqo.
Ukupakisha okuZinzileyo kwaseJamani'Inkqubo yovavanyo oluqatha kunye nesiqinisekiso ibeka imigangatho ephezulu kushishino, iqhuba uphuhliso kwaye ikhuthaza utshintsho kwizisombululo zokupakisha ezizinzileyo. Abavelisi beengxowa zekofu baqhubeka behlola ezinye izixhobo kunye noyilo lokupakisha olubeka phambili ukuphinda kusetyenziswe ngaphandle kokubeka emngciphekweni umgangatho wemveliso kunye nobomi beshelufu. Oku kukhokelele ekuphuhlisweni kweengxowa zekofu ezinomgquba ezenziwe ngezinto ezisekelwe kwibhayoloji, kunye nokupakisha okunokuphinda kusetyenziswe izinto enye okwenza kube lula inkqubo yokuphinda kusetyenziswe.
Ukuphendula kwimigangatho yokupakisha ezinzileyo yaseJamani, abavelisi beengxowa zekofu nabo batyale imali kuphando nophuhliso ukuze benze ukupakisha kwabo kusetyenziswe kwakhona. Oku kuquka ukusebenza nabathengisi bezinto ukuze bafumane izinto ezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo nezingasetyenziswa kwakhona, kunye nokutyala imali kubuchwepheshe obuphambili bokupakisha ukuvelisa iingxowa zekofu ezinokusetyenziswa kwakhona ngaphandle kokulahla iimpawu zokuthintela ezifunekayo ukugcina umgangatho wekofu kunye nokutsha kwayo.
Impembelelo yeJamani'Imigangatho engqongqo yokupakisha ezinzileyo idlulela ngaphaya koshishino lwekofu, ichaphazela iindlela zokupakisha zehlabathi kwaye iqhubela phambili utshintsho olubanzi oluya kwizisombululo zokupakisha ezizinzileyo nezingasetyenziswa kwakhona. Njengenye yezona qoqosho zinkulu eYurophu, indlela yaseJamani yokupakisha ezinzileyo inamandla okuchaphazela imigaqo nemigangatho kulo lonke i-EU nangaphaya. Oku kuye kwakhuthaza amashishini kuwo onke amashishini ukuba abeke phambili iindlela zokupakisha ezizinzileyo kwaye atyale imali ekuphuhliseni ukupakisha okungasetyenziswa kwakhona okuhlangabezana nolindelo kunye neemfuno zomthetho zabathengi abaqaphela indalo.
Jemani 'Ugxininiso lokupakisha okusebenziseka kwakhona okuthotyelwayo lukwandise ukucaca kunye noxanduva kwishishini lokupakisha. Ngokugxila kwisatifikethi sokuphinda kusetyenziswe, iinkampani kufuneka zinike ulwazi oluneenkcukacha malunga nokwakheka kunye nokuphinde kusetyenziswe kwezixhobo zazo zokupakisha, nto leyo evumela abathengi ukuba benze ukhetho olunolwazi kwaye baxhase utshintsho oluya kuqoqosho olujikelezayo. Oku kuye kwakhuthaza intsebenziswano engakumbi kulo lonke uthotho lokubonelela ngezixhobo zokupakisha, kunye nabavelisi, abanini beempawu kunye nabathengisi besebenzisana ukuqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo zokupakisha ziyahlangabezana nemigangatho efunekayo yokuphinda kusetyenziswe kunye nempembelelo yokusingqongileyo.
Ngamafutshane, ugxininiso ekupakisheni okusebenzisekayo okuvumelekileyo, ngakumbi kumazwe aneenkqubo zovavanyo oluqinileyo kunye neziqinisekiso ezifana neJamani, lube nefuthe elikhulu kwishishini lokupakisha, kuquka neshishini lekofu. Ukunyanzeliswa kokupakisha okuzinzileyo kuqhuba ubuchule kunye notshintsho oluya kwizisombululo zokupakisha ezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo nezingasetyenziswa kwakhona. Njengoko imfuno yokupakisha okuzinzileyo iqhubeka ikhula, iinkampani kuzo zonke iifektri ziyakuqonda ukubaluleka kokubeka phambili ukuphinda kusetyenziswe kwakhona kunye nokutyala imali kuphuhliso lwezinto zokupakisha ezihlangabezana nemigangatho ephezulu yozinzo. Njengoko iJamani ikhokela indlela kwimigangatho yokupakisha ezinzileyo, imeko-bume yokupakisha yehlabathi itshintshela kwizisombululo zokupakisha ezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo nezingasetyenziswa kwakhona.
Xa ufuna iqabane elinokuthenjwa ngokwenene, into yokuqala ekufuneka uyijonge ziimfaneleko
Singumvelisi ogxile ekuveliseni iingxowa zokupakisha ikofu kangangeminyaka engaphezu kwama-20. Siye saba ngomnye wabavelisi abakhulu beengxowa zekofu eTshayina.
Sisebenzisa iivalvu zeWIPF ezisemgangathweni ophezulu ezivela eSwitzerland ukugcina ikofu yakho itsha.
Siphuhlise iingxowa ezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo, ezifana neengxowa ezinomgquba kunye neengxowa ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe, kunye nezixhobo zePCR ezisandula ukuveliswa.
Ukuba ufuna ukubona isatifikethi semfundo ye-YPAK, nceda ucofe ukuze unxibelelane nathi.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Agasti-09-2024
