Ukukhula kweMfuno yeKofu kwiHlabathi liphela: Iindlela eziPhambili
Imfuno yekofu yehlabathi ikhule kakhulu kwiminyaka yakutshanje, nto leyo etyhila iindlela ezintsha eziguqula eli shishini kwihlabathi liphela. Ukususela kwizitrato ezixakekileyo zaseSixeko saseNew York ukuya kwiindawo ezizolileyo zekofu zaseColombia, uthando lwesi siselo simnyama nesinuka kamnandi alunamida. Njengoko ihlabathi lisiba nonxibelelwano olungakumbi, imfuno yekofu ikhula ngokukhawuleza, iqhutywa zizinto ezahlukeneyo eziquka ukutshintsha kwezinto ezikhethwa ngabathengi, ukunyuka kwengeniso esetyenziswayo kunye nokwanda kwenkcubeko yekofu kwihlabathi liphela.
Ukwanda kokusetyenziswa kwekofu kunokubangelwa zizinto ezibalulekileyo. Okokuqala, ukuvela kwendlela yokuphila yasezidolophini exakekileyo kukhokelele ekwandeni kwenani leevenkile zekofu kunye neekhefi kwizixeko ezikhulu kwihlabathi liphela. Ukwanda kwezi ndawo akwenzanga nje kuphela ukuba ikofu ifikeleleke lula kubathengi, kodwa ikwachaze ngokutsha imiba yoluntu yokusebenzisa ikofu. Iikhefi ziye zaphuhla zaba ziindawo zoluntu ezinomdla apho abantu bahlanganisana khona ukuze badibane, basebenze okanye bonwabele umzuzu wokuphumla, ngaloo ndlela zinegalelo ekwandeni kwemfuno yekofu.
Ukongeza, ulwazi olukhulayo ngeenzuzo zempilo zokusetyenziswa kwekofu okulinganiselweyo nalo luye lwanegalelo ekwandeni kwemfuno. Uphando lwakutshanje lubonisa iingenelo zempilo zekofu, ukusuka ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kwengqondo ukuya ekunciphiseni umngcipheko wezifo ezithile. Ngenxa yoko, abathengi baya beyibona ikofu kungekuphela nje njengomthombo wamandla nobushushu, kodwa ikwayiyeza elinokuba luncedo empilweni, nto leyo eqhubela phambili imfuno yayo yehlabathi.
Esinye isizathu esibangela imfuno yekofu kukunyuka kwengeniso esetyenziswayo kumazwe asakhasayo. Njengoko abantu abakumgangatho ophakathi besanda kumazwe afana neTshayina, iIndiya neBrazil, abantu abaninzi banokufikelela ekuseleni ikomityi yekofu yonke imihla. Ngaphezu koko, ukuqhelaniswa kwemikhwa yokusebenzisa ikofu eNtshona kule mimandla kukhokelele ekukhetheni ikofu kuneziselo zesintu, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yobomi bemihla ngemihla babantu abaninzi.
Ngaphezu koko, ukwanda kwenkcubeko yekofu kwihlabathi liphela kudlale indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuleni kwemfuno yekofu. Ngaphambili, ikofu yayisetyenziswa kakhulu kumazwe aseNtshona, kodwa namhlanje ukwamkelwa kwenkcubeko yekofu kunokubonwa kwimimandla efana ne-Asia kunye ne-Middle East, apho ukutyiwa kwekofu kuyanda khona. Olu tshintsho lubangelwe kukwanda kweekhonkco zekofu zamazwe ngamazwe, impembelelo yeendaba zoluntu kunye nomdla okhulayo wokufumana nokuxabisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zekofu kwihlabathi liphela.
Ukukhula kwemfuno yekofu kwihlabathi liphela kunempembelelo etshintshayo kwishishini lekofu, nto leyo echaphazela yonke into ukusuka kwimveliso ukuya kwizicwangciso zokuthengisa. Ukwanda kwemfuno yeembotyi zabo ezivela kumazwe avelisa ikofu afana neBrazil, iVietnam neColombia kukhokelele ekunyukeni kwemveliso kunye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Le ndlela ayipheleli nje ekubeni nempembelelo entle kuqoqosho lwala mazwe, kodwa ikwadala namathuba okuba abalimi abancinci bathathe inxaxheba kwiimarike zehlabathi, ngaloo ndlela bephucula indlela abaphila ngayo.
Ukongeza, ukukhula kwemfuno yekofu kubangele utshintsho oluqhubekayo kushishino lonke oluya ekuzinzeni nasekufumaneni izinto ngendlela yokuziphatha. Abathengi baya beqonda ngakumbi ngempembelelo yokusingqongileyo nentlalo yeemveliso abazithengayo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekukhuleni kwemfuno yekofu eveliswe ngendlela yokuziphatha neyokuzinza. Ngenxa yoko, iinkampani ezininzi zekofu zityala imali kwiinkqubo ezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo, isiqinisekiso se-Fairtrade, kunye nobudlelwane borhwebo ngqo nabalimi bekofu ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezitshintshayo zabathengi abanoxanduva.
Ukukhula kwemfuno yekofu kwihlabathi kuzisa amathuba kunye nemingeni kwiinkampani zekofu zehlabathi. Kwelinye icala, imfuno ekhulayo idale imakethi ekhulayo yeemveliso zekofu, nto leyo ebangele ukwanda kwentengiso kunye nenzuzo kubadlali beli shishini. Kwelinye icala, imeko yokhuphiswano iye yaba nkulu ngakumbi, iinkampani zikhuphisana ngesabelo semarike esikhula rhoqo. Ke ngoko, ubugcisa kunye nokwahluka kubalulekile ukuba amashishini avelele kwaye abambe ingqalelo yabathengi abaqondayo.
Ngamafutshane, ukukhula kwemfuno yekofu yehlabathi yinto enomtsalane eguqula ishishini lekofu kwaye ichaphazela ukuziphatha kwabathengi kwihlabathi liphela. Eli shishini likulungele ukukhula okuqhubekayo kunye nophuhliso njengoko uthando lwekofu ludlula imida kunye neenkcubeko. Ukusuka kumasimi ekofu aluhlaza eMzantsi Melika ukuya kwizitrato ezixakekileyo zezixeko ezinkulu, uthando lwekofu luyavela, luqhuba umkhwa omangalisayo ongabonisi zimpawu zokucotha. Njengoko incasa yekofu yehlabathi iqhubeka nokuguquka, eli shishini kufuneka lihlengahlengise kwaye lenze izinto ezintsha ukuze lihlangabezane neemfuno zemarike ezitshintshayo kwaye liqinisekise ukuba uthando lwesi siselo sithandwayo luhlala luhleli kwizizukulwana ezizayo. Imarike yekofu ikhula ngamandla, kunye nedatha entsha ebonisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwekofu kwihlabathi liphela kuyanda. Ngokwengxelo yakutshanje yeMarket Research Future, imakethi yekofu yehlabathi kulindeleke ukuba ikhule ngesantya sokukhula sonyaka esidibeneyo se-5.5% ukusuka ngo-2021 ukuya ku-2027. Ingxelo ithi olu khula lubangelwa yimfuno ekhulayo yekofu yeprimiyamu kunye neyodwa, kunye nokuthandwa okukhulayo kwekofu. Ikofu phakathi kwabathengi abancinci.
Enye yezona zinto ziphambili ezibangela olu kukhula kukuthandwa kwekofu phakathi kwabathengi beMillennial kunye neGen Z. La maqela azimisele ngakumbi ukuchitha imali kwikofu esemgangathweni ophezulu kwaye aqhuba imfuno yeemveliso zekofu ezikhethekileyo kunye nezikumgangatho ophezulu. Oku kukhokelele ekwandeni kwemarike yekofu, kunye neevenkile zekofu ezininzi kunye neevenkile zokuroa ikofu ezikhethekileyo ezivulwayo kwiindawo zasezidolophini kwihlabathi liphela.
Ukongeza kwimfuno ekhulayo yekofu esemgangathweni, kukwakho nomkhwa wokufumana iimveliso zekofu ezizinzileyo kokusingqongileyo nezivela kwimveliso yekofu esemgangathweni. Abathengi baya befuna ikofu ekhuliswe kwaye ivunwe ngendlela ezinzileyo kwaye bazimisele ukuhlawula iprimiyamu kwiimveliso ezihlangabezana nale migangatho. Oku kuye kwakhuthaza ukukhula kwemarike yekofu ye-organic kunye ne-Fairtrade, kunye nokunyuka kweziqinisekiso ezifana neRainforest Alliance kunye neFairtrade Certification.
Ukwanda korhwebo lwe-e-commerce nako kudlale indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuleni kwemarike yekofu. Njengoko abathengi abaninzi bethenga kwi-intanethi, iimpawu zekofu ziyakwazi ukufikelela kubaphulaphuli abaninzi kwaye zithengisele abathengi ngokuthe ngqo kwiwebhusayithi zabo okanye kwiimarike ze-intanethi zabantu besithathu. Oku kunceda ekuqhubeni intengiso kunye nokwandisa ulwazi ngeemveliso zekofu ezikhethekileyo kunye nezikumgangatho ophezulu.
Ubhubhane we-COVID-19 nawo ube nefuthe elikhulu kwimarike yekofu. Nangona ukuvalwa kweevenkile zekofu kunye neekhefi kukhokelele ekwehleni okwethutyana kwentengiso, abathengi abaninzi baguqukele ekwenzeni nasekunandipheni ikofu emakhaya. Oku kukhokelele ekwandeni kwentengiso yezixhobo zekofu ezifana noomatshini be-espresso, ii-coffee grinders kunye noomatshini bekofu abathululwayo. Ngenxa yoko, iinkampani ezenza izixhobo zekofu zisakhula nangona kukho imingeni ebangelwe yilo bhubhane.
Ukukhula kwemarike yekofu akupheleli nje kumazwe aphuhlileyo. Ukusetyenziswa kwekofu kukhula ngokukhawuleza kwiimarike ezisakhulayo ezifana neTshayina, iIndiya neBrazil njengoko ukunyuka kwengeniso kunye nokutshintsha kwezinto ezikhethwa ngabathengi kuqhuba imfuno yeemveliso zekofu eziphambili. Oku kudala amathuba abalulekileyo kubavelisi bekofu kunye nabathumela ngaphandle, kunye neenkampani zekofu kunye nabathengisi bekofu abakhethekileyo abafuna ukwandisa iimarike ezintsha.
Nangona imbonakalo yemarike yekofu intle, kukwakho nemingeni ethile enokubakho. Utshintsho lwemozulu lubeka emngciphekweni omkhulu kwimveliso yekofu, kunye nokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu kunye neendlela zemozulu ezitshintshayo ezichaphazela umgangatho kunye nemveliso yezityalo zekofu. Ukongeza, ukungazinzi kwezopolitiko noqoqosho kwiindawo ezivelisa ikofu kunokuphazamisa uthotho lokubonelela kwaye kukhokelele ekuguquguqukeni kwamaxabiso.
Ukujongana nale mingeni, iinkampani ezininzi zekofu zityala imali kwiindlela zokufumana izinto ezizinzileyo kwaye zisebenza ukunciphisa impembelelo yotshintsho lwemozulu kwimveliso yekofu. Oku kuquka amanyathelo okukhuthaza ukulima amahlathi, ukuphucula ulawulo lwamanzi kunye nokuxhasa abalimi abancinci. Ukongeza, inkampani igxile ekuveliseni izinto ezintsha ekulimeni nasekucubunguleni ikofu, kugxininiswa ekuphuhliseni iintlobo ezintsha zekofu ezimelana ngakumbi nemiphumo yotshintsho lwemozulu.
Lilonke, ikamva lemarike yekofu liqaqambile, kukho imfuno enamandla yokukhula kwekofu ekumgangatho ophezulu nekhethekileyo kunye nokuvelisa izinto ezintsha kushishino. Njengoko ukhetho lwabathengi luqhubeka lutshintsha kwaye iimarike ezintsha zivuleka, iinkampani zekofu zinamathuba abalulekileyo okwakha iimpawu zazo kunye nokwandisa amashishini azo. Nangona kunjalo, la mathuba kufuneka alinganiswe nesidingo sokujongana nemingeni ebangelwa kukutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nokuqinisekisa uzinzo lwexesha elide lweshishini lekofu.
Singumvelisi ogxile ekuveliseni iingxowa zokupakisha ikofu kangangeminyaka engaphezu kwama-20. Siye saba ngomnye wabavelisi abakhulu beengxowa zekofu eTshayina.
Sisebenzisa iivalvu zeWIPF ezisemgangathweni ophezulu ezivela eSwitzerland ukugcina ikofu yakho itsha.
Siye saphuhlisa iingxowa ezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo, ezifana neengxowa ezinomgquba kunye neengxowa ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe. Zezona ndlela zibalaseleyo zokutshintsha iingxowa zeplastiki zesiqhelo.
Nceda usithumelele uhlobo lwebhegi, izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo, ubungakanani kunye nobungakanani obufunekayo. Ukuze sikunike iingcaphuno.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Februwari-22-2024
