Imithetho emitsha yaseSpain eneendlela ezininzi zokukhuthaza ukuphinda kusetyenziswe ukupakishwa kweplastiki
Ngomhla wama-31 kweyoKwindla, ngowama-2022, iPalamente yaseSpain yapasisa uMthetho woQoqosho oluKhuthaza iNkunkuma kunye noMhlaba oNgcolisiweyo, othintela ukusetyenziswa kwee-phthalates kunye ne-bisphenol A kwiipakethe zokutya kwaye uxhasa ukusetyenziswa kwakhona kweepakethe zokutya ngo-2022. Uza kuqala ukusebenza ngokusesikweni ngomhla wesi-9 ku-Epreli.
Lo mthetho ujonge ukunciphisa ukuveliswa kwenkunkuma, ingakumbi iiplastiki ezisetyenziswa kanye, kunye nokulawula impembelelo embi yokupakisha inkunkuma kwimpilo yabantu nakwindalo esingqongileyo, kunye nokukhuthaza uphuhliso loqoqosho olujikelezayo. Lo mthetho uthatha indawo yoMthetho Nombolo 22/2011 woLawulo lweNkunkuma kunye nomhlaba ongcolileyo we-28 kaJulayi 2011 kwaye ubandakanya uMyalelo (EU) 2018/851 kwinkunkuma kunye noMyalelo (EU) 2019/904 wokunciphisa iMiyalelo ethile kwimpembelelo yokusingqongileyo yezinye iimveliso zeplastiki ezifakwe kwinkqubo yomthetho yaseSpain.
Nciphisa iintlobo zeemveliso zeplastiki kwimarike
Ukuze kuncitshiswe impembelelo yeemveliso zeplastiki kwindalo esingqongileyo, uMthetho othi "iNkunkuma kunye nokuKhuthazwa koMhlaba oNgcolisiweyo woQoqosho olujikelezayo" wongeza iintlobo ezintsha zeplastiki ezingavumelekanga ukuba zibekwe kwimarike yaseSpain:
1. Iimveliso zeplastiki ezikhankanyiweyo kwicandelo le-IVB leSihlomelo soMgaqo;
2. Nayiphi na imveliso yeplastiki eyenziwe ngeeplastiki ezibolayo nge-oxidative;
3. Iimveliso zeplastiki ezinee-microplastics ezingaphantsi kwe-5 mm ezifakwe ngabom.
Ngokuphathelele imiqathango echazwe ngokuyinxenye, kuya kusebenza amalungiselelo eSihlomelo XVII kuMgaqo (EC) No 1907/2006 wePalamente yaseYurophu kunye neBhunga (uMgaqo we-REACH).
I-Annex IVB ikhankanya ukuba iimveliso zeplastiki ezilahlwayo ezifana nee-cotton swabs, izixhobo zokusela, iipleyiti, iistraw, iibhotile zesiselo, iintonga ezisetyenziselwa ukulungisa nokudibanisa iibhaluni, izikhongozeli zesiselo ezenziwe nge-polystyrene eyandisiweyo, njl.njl. azivumelekanga ukuba zibekwe kwimarike, njengezezonyango, njl.njl. Ngaphandle kokuba kubonelelwe ngenye indlela.
Khuthaza ukusetyenziswa kweplastiki
UMthetho woQoqosho oluKhuthaza iNkunkuma kunye noMhlaba oNgcolisiweyo ulungisa iinjongo zeplastiki ephinda isetyenziswe kuMthetho Nombolo 22/2011: ngo-2025, zonke iibhotile ze-polyethylene terephthalate (PET) kufuneka zibe neplastiki ephinda isetyenziswe eyi-25% ubuncinane, Ngo-2030, iibhotile ze-PET kufuneka zibe neplastiki ephinda isetyenziswe eyi-30%. Lo mthetho kulindeleke ukuba ukhuthaze uphuhliso lwemarike yesibini ye-PET ephinda isetyenziswe eSpain.
Ukongeza, ukuze kukhuthazwe ukuphinda kusetyenziswe iimveliso zeplastiki, inxalenye yeplastiki ephinda isetyenzwe ekwiimveliso ezihlawuliswa irhafu ayirhafiswa. Inkqubo yokungenisa iimveliso ngaphakathi komda werhafu kufuneka ibhale ubungakanani beeplastiki ezingaphinda zisetyenzwe ezingeniswe kwamanye amazwe. Lo mthetho uza kuqala ukusebenza ukususela nge-1 kaJanuwari 2023.
Ukususela nge-1 kaJanuwari 2023, ngokuhambelana nemigaqo yoqoqosho olujikelezayo, iSpain iza kuqala ukuhlawulisa irhafu yeplastiki kwiipakethe zeplastiki ezingasetyenziswanga kanye, nezingasetyenziswa kwakhona.
Izinto ezirhafiswayo:
Kubandakanya abavelisi eSpain, iinkampani kunye nabantu abazisebenzelayo abangenisa eSpain kwaye babandakanyeka ekuthengeni ngaphakathi kwe-EU.
Ububanzi berhafu:
Iqulethe ingcamango ebanzi "yokupakisha iplastiki engaphinda isetyenziswe", kuquka:
1. Isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iimveliso zeplastiki ezingaphinde zisetyenziswe, ezingasetyenziswanga;
2. Isetyenziselwa ukufaka, ukurhweba okanye ukubonisa iimveliso zeplastiki ezingasetyenziswa kwakhona;
3. Izikhongozeli zeplastiki ezingaphinde zisetyenziswe.
Eminye imizekelo yeemveliso ezikwimida yerhafu ibandakanya kodwa ayipheleli apho: iingxowa zeplastiki, iibhotile zeplastiki, iibhokisi zokupakisha zeplastiki, iifilimu zokupakisha zeplastiki, iiteyiphu zokupakisha zeplastiki, iikomityi zeplastiki, izitya zeplastiki, iingxowa zokupakisha zeplastiki, njl.
Nokuba ezi mveliso zisetyenziselwa ukupakisha ukutya, iziselo, izinto ezifunekayo imihla ngemihla okanye ezinye izinto, lo gama nje ukupakisha kwangaphandle kwephakheji kwenziwe ngeplastiki, irhafu yokupakisha yeplastiki iya kuhlawuliswa.
Ukuba yiplastiki enokusetyenziswa kwakhona, kufuneka isatifikethi sokusetyenziswa kwakhona.
izinga lerhafu:
Izinga lerhafu yi-EUR 0.45 ngekhilogram nganye ngokusekwe kwisibhengezo sobunzima obupheleleyo kwiNqaku 47.
Iingcamango zokukhuselwa kwendalo kunye nophuhliso oluzinzileyo zithathelwa ingqalelo kumazwe amaninzi kwihlabathi liphela. Ngenxa yoko, kukho ukugxininiswa okwandayo kwimfuneko yokutshintsha iipakethe zeplastiki ezisetyenziswa kanye kunye nezinye iindlela ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe okanye ezinokubola. Olu tshintsho luqhutywe kukuqaphela impembelelo enobungozi enayo inkunkuma yeplastiki kwindalo esingqongileyo, ngakumbi ngokubhekiselele kungcoliseko kunye nokuphela kwezixhobo zendalo.
Ukuphendula le ngxaki ingxamisekileyo, amazwe amaninzi abeka phambili ukukhangela ababoneleli abathembekileyo ukuze kube lula ukuguqula ukupakisha kweplastiki kube zezinye iindlela ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe okanye ezinokubola. Injongo kukutshintsha ngokupheleleyo ukupakisha kweplastiki ngezinto ezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswe umthwalo wokusingqongileyo obangelwa ziiplastiki ezingaphinde zisetyenziswe.
Ukutshintsha ukusuka ekupakisheni kweplastiki ukuya ekupakisheni okunokuphinde kusetyenziswe okanye okubolayo linyathelo elibalulekileyo ekufezekiseni uzinzo kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wendalo kwiinkampani ezahlukeneyo. Ngokwamkela olu tshintsho, amashishini kunye nabathengi ngokufanayo banokufaka isandla ekukhuseleni okusingqongileyo kunye nezixhobo zendalo.
Izixhobo zokupakisha ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe nezibolayo zibonelela ngesisombululo esithembisayo kwimingeni ebangelwa kukupakisha kweplastiki yendabuko. Ezi ndlela azinciphisi nje kuphela ukuxhomekeka kwizixhobo ezingaphinde zisetyenziswe, kodwa zikwanceda ekunciphiseni ukuqokelelwa kwenkunkuma yeplastiki kwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma nakwiilwandle. Ukongeza, ukusetyenziswa kokupakisha okuphinde kusetyenziswe nezibolayo kuxhasa uqoqosho olujikelezayo ngokukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwakhona nokurisayikilisha kwezinto, ngaloo ndlela kunciphisa impembelelo iyonke kwindalo esingqongileyo.
Njengoko imfuno yokupakisha enobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo iqhubeka ikhula, eli shishini libona ukwanda kobuchule bokuvelisa izinto ezintsha kunye nophuhliso lwetekhnoloji olujolise ekuphuhliseni izisombululo zokupakisha ezizinzileyo. Oku kuquka ukuphonononga izixhobo ezintsha kunye neenkqubo zokuvelisa ezinamathela kwimigaqo yokugcinwa kwendalo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwezixhobo.
Ngamafutshane, ukutshintshwa kweplastiki okukhawulezileyo kunye nezinye iindlela ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe okanye ezinokubola kubonisa utshintsho olubalulekileyo oluya ekuzinzeni kwendalo. Ngokubeka phambili ukupakisha okunobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo, amazwe kunye neenkampani zithatha amanyathelo asebenzayo ukujongana nemingeni yokusingqongileyo enxulumene nenkunkuma yeplastiki. Olu tshintsho alugcini nje ngokugxininisa ukuzibophelela ekukhuselweni kwendalo kodwa lukwabonisa umzamo odibeneyo wokwakha ikamva elizinzileyo nelizinzileyo kwizizukulwana ezizayo.
Singumvelisi ogxile ekuveliseni iingxowa zokupakisha ikofu kangangeminyaka engaphezu kwama-20. Siye saba ngomnye wabavelisi abakhulu beengxowa zekofu eTshayina.
Sisebenzisa iivalvu zeWIPF ezisemgangathweni ophezulu ezivela eSwitzerland ukugcina ikofu yakho itsha.
Siphuhlisile iingxowa ezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo, ezifana neengxowa ezinomgquba、Iingxowa ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe kunye nokupakishwa kwezinto zePCR. Zezona ndlela zibalaseleyo zokutshintsha iingxowa zeplastiki zesiqhelo.
Sifake ikhathalogu yethu, nceda usithumelele uhlobo lwebhegi, izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo, ubungakanani kunye nobungakanani obufunekayo. Ukuze sikunike iingcaphuno.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Epreli-12-2024
