Zithini kanye kanye izinto ze-PCR?
1. Zithini izinto ze-PCR?
Izinto ze-PCR ngokwenene luhlobo "lweplastiki ephinda isetyenziswe", igama elipheleleyo yizinto eziphinda isetyenziswe emva komthengi, oko kukuthi, izinto eziphinda zisetyenziswe emva komthengi.
Izinto ze-PCR "zixabiseke kakhulu". Ngokwesiqhelo, inkunkuma yeplastiki eveliswa emva kokusasazwa, ukusetyenziswa kunye nokusetyenziswa inokuguqulwa ibe zizinto ezixabisekileyo kakhulu zemveliso yemizi-mveliso ngokusebenzisa ukuphinda kusetyenziswe okanye ukuphinda kusetyenziswe iikhemikhali, ukuze kufezekiswe ukuhlaziywa kunye nokurisayikilishwa kwezixhobo.
Umzekelo, izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo ezifana ne-PET, i-PE, i-PP, kunye ne-HDPE zivela kwiplastiki elahliweyo eveliswa kwiibhokisi zesidlo sasemini ezisetyenziswa rhoqo, iibhotile zeshampu, iibhotile zamanzi aneminerali, iibharele zomatshini wokuhlamba, njl. Emva kokuphinda zisetyenzwe, zingasetyenziselwa ukwenza izinto ezintsha zokupakisha.
Ekubeni izinto ze-PCR zivela kwizinto ezisetyenzisiweyo emva kokusetyenziswa, ukuba azicutshungulwanga kakuhle, ngokuqinisekileyo ziya kuba nefuthe elithe ngqo kwindalo esingqongileyo. Ke ngoko, i-PCR yenye yeeplastiki eziphinda zisetyenziswe ezicetyiswa ziimpawu ezahlukeneyo ngoku.
2. Kutheni iiplastiki zePCR zithandwa kangaka?
•(1)Iplastiki yePCR yenye yeendlela ezibalulekileyo zokunciphisa ungcoliseko lweplastiki kunye negalelo "ekungathathi cala kwekhabhoni".
Emva kwemizamo engapheliyo yezizukulwana ezininzi zeekhemistri kunye neenjineli, iiplastiki eziveliswe ngepetroleum, amalahle, kunye negesi yendalo ziye zaba zizinto eziyimfuneko ebomini bomntu ngenxa yobunzima bazo obulula, ukuqina kwazo, kunye nobuhle bazo. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kweeplastiki kukwakhokelele ekudalweni kwenkunkuma enkulu yeplastiki. Iplastiki yokuphinda isetyenziswe emva komthengi (PCR) ibe yenye yeendlela ezibalulekileyo zokunciphisa ungcoliseko lokusingqongileyo lweplastiki kunye nokunceda ishishini leekhemikhali ukuba lihambe liye "kwimeko yokungathathi cala kwekhabhoni".
Iipellet zeplastiki ezisetyenzisiweyo zixutywa ne-virgin resin ukwenza iintlobo ngeentlobo zeemveliso zeplastiki ezintsha. Le ndlela ayinciphisi nje kuphela ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni diokside, kodwa ikwanciphisa nokusetyenziswa kwamandla.
•(2)Sebenzisa iplastiki ye-PCR ukukhuthaza ngakumbi ukurisayikilisha inkunkuma yeplastiki
Okukhona iinkampani ezininzi zisebenzisa iiplastiki ze-PCR, kokukhona imfuno inkulu, nto leyo eya kwandisa ngakumbi ukuphinda kusetyenziswe iiplastiki ezilahliweyo kwaye itshintshe kancinci indlela yokusebenza kunye nemisebenzi yokuphinda kusetyenziswe iiplastiki ezilahliweyo, nto leyo ethetha ukuba iiplastiki ezilahliweyo ezimbalwa ziya kuzaliswa, zitshiswe kwaye zigcinwe kwindawo engqongileyo.
• (3)Ukukhuthazwa komgaqo-nkqubo
Indawo yomgaqo-nkqubo weeplastiki ze-PCR iyavuleka.
Umzekelo, cinga ngeYurophu, icebo leplastiki le-EU kunye nomthetho werhafu yeplastiki kunye nokupakisha kumazwe afana neBritane neJamani. Umzekelo, i-UK Revenue and Customs ikhuphe "iRhafu yokuPakisha yePlastiki". Izinga lerhafu lokupakisha ngeplastiki esetyenzisiweyo engaphantsi kwe-30% yi-200 yeeponti ngetoni. Irhafu kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo ivule indawo yokufunwa kweeplastiki ze-PCR.
3. Ngawaphi amagorha amakhulu kushishino andisa utyalo-mali lwawo kwi-PCR plastics kutshanje?
Okwangoku, uninzi lweemveliso zeplastiki ze-PCR ezikwimarike zisasekelwe ekusetyenzisweni kwakhona ngokwasemzimbeni. Amashishini amaninzi eekhemikhali aphesheya alandela uphuhliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kweemveliso zeplastiki ze-PCR eziphinde zasetyenziswa ngeekhemikhali. Banethemba lokuqinisekisa ukuba izinto eziphinde zasetyenziswa zisebenza ngendlela efanayo nezinto eziluhlaza. , kwaye zinokufikelela "ekuncitshisweni kwekhabhoni".
•(1). I-BASF'Izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo ze-Ultramid zifumana isiqinisekiso se-UL
I-BASF ibhengeze kule veki ukuba i-polymer yayo ephinde yasetyenziswa ye-Ultramid Ccycled eyenziwe kwifektri yayo yaseFreeport, eTexas, ifumene isiqinisekiso esivela kwi-Underwriters Laboratories (UL).
Ngokutsho kwe-UL 2809, ii-Ultramid Ccycled polymers eziphinda zisetyenziswe kwiiplastiki eziphinda zisetyenziswe emva komthengi (PCR) zingasebenzisa inkqubo yokulinganisela ubunzima ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho yomxholo ophinda usetyenziswe. Uhlobo lwe-polymer luneempawu ezifanayo nezinto eziluhlaza kwaye aludingi hlengahlengiso kwiindlela zemveli zokucubungula. Ingasetyenziswa kwizicelo ezifana neefilimu zokupakisha, iikhaphethi kunye nefenitshala, kwaye yindlela ezinzileyo yokukhetha izinto eziluhlaza.
I-BASF iphanda iinkqubo ezintsha zeekhemikhali ukuze iqhubeke nokuguqula ezinye iiplastiki zenkunkuma zibe zizinto ezintsha nezixabisekileyo. Le ndlela inciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi ezibangela ubushushu kunye nezinto ezifakwa kwi-fossil ngelixa igcina umgangatho kunye nokusebenza kwemveliso.
URandall Hulvey, uMlawuli weShishini waseMntla Melika we-BASF:
“Uhlobo lwethu olutsha lwe-Ultramid Ccycled lunika amandla aphezulu oomatshini, ukuqina kunye nokuzinza kobushushu obufanayo nolwamabakala emveli, kwaye luya kunceda abathengi bethu bafikelele kwiinjongo zabo zokuzinza."
•(2). Mengniu: Faka i-resin ye-Dow PCR
Ngomhla we-11 kweyeSilimela, uDow noMengniu babhengeze ngokudibeneyo ukuba baphumelele ekuthengiseni ifilimu ephinda isetyenziswe yobushushu ye-resin encibilikayo emva komthengi.
Kuyaqondakala ukuba le yeyokuqala kwishishini lokutya lasekhaya ukuba iMengniu idibanise amandla ayo endalo kwimizi-mveliso kwaye idibane nabathengisi bezinto eziluhlaza zeplastiki, abavelisi bokupakisha, abaphinda basebenzise izinto ezintsha kunye namanye amaqela oshishino ukuze bafezekise ukuphinda kusetyenziswe izinto ezintsha kunye nokusetyenziswa kwakhona kokupakisha kweplastiki, besebenzisa ngokupheleleyo iiplastiki eziphinde zasetyenziswa emva komthengi njengefilimu yokupakisha yeMveliso.
Umaleko ophakathi wefilimu yesibini yokufunxa ubushushu esetyenziswa ziimveliso zeMengniu uvela kwifomula yeresin ye-PCR yeDow. Le fomula iqulethe ama-40% ezinto eziphinde zasetyenziswa emva komthengi kwaye inokuzisa umxholo wezinto eziphinde zasetyenziswa kwisakhiwo sefilimu yokufunxa iyonke ukuya kwi-13%-24%, okuvumela ukuveliswa kweefilimu ezisebenza ngendlela efanayo neresin eyi-virgin. Kwangaxeshanye, inciphisa ubungakanani benkunkuma yeplastiki kwindalo esingqongileyo kwaye ifezekisa ngokwenene ukusetyenziswa okuvaliweyo kokuphinda kusetyenziswe iipakethe.
•(3). I-Unilever: Itshintshela kwi-rPET ukuze ifumane izinongo zayo, ibe yi-UK'Uhlobo lokuqala lokutya lwe-PCR oluyi-100%
NgoMeyi, uphawu lwe-Unilever lwe-Hellmann's lwatshintshela kwi-100% emva komthengi oluphinda lusetyenziswe i-PET (rPET) lwaza lwayivula e-UK. I-Unilever yathi ukuba olu luhlu lonke lunokutshintshwa nge-rPET, luya kusindisa malunga neetoni ezili-1,480 zezinto ezikrwada minyaka le.
Okwangoku, phantse isiqingatha (40%) seemveliso zikaHellmann sele zisebenzisa iplastiki ephinde yasetyenziswa kwaye zifikelele kwiishelufu ngoMeyi. Le nkampani iceba ukutshintshela kwiplastiki ephinde yasetyenziswa kolu luhlu lweemveliso ekupheleni kuka-2022.
U-Andre Burger, usekela-mongameli wezokutya e-Unilever UK nase-Ireland, uthe:“I-Hellmann yethu'Iibhotile zezithambiso zezona mpawu zethu zokuqala zokutya e-UK ezisebenzisa iplastiki ephinde yasetyenziswa emva kokuthengwa, nangona kolu tshintsho kubekho imingeni, kodwa amava aya kusinceda ukuba sikhawulezise ukusetyenziswa kweplastiki ephinde yasetyenziswa kwi-Unilever.'ezinye iintlobo zokutya."
I-PCR iye yaba yilebheli yeI-ECO-izixhobo ezinobuhlobo. Amazwe amaninzi aseYurophu asebenzise i-PCR ekupakisheni ukutya ukuqinisekisa i-100%I-ECO-nobubele.
Singumvelisi ogxile ekuveliseni iingxowa zokupakisha ikofu kangangeminyaka engaphezu kwama-20. Siye saba ngomnye wabavelisi abakhulu beengxowa zekofu eTshayina.
Sisebenzisa iivalvu zeWIPF ezisemgangathweni ophezulu ezivela eSwitzerland ukugcina ikofu yakho itsha.
Siphuhlisile iingxowa ezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo, ezifana neengxowa ezinomgquba kunye neengxowa ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe,kunye nezixhobo zePCR ezisandula ukwaziswa.
Zezona ndlela zibalaseleyo zokutshintsha iingxowa zeplastiki zesiqhelo.
Sifake ikhathalogu yethu, nceda usithumelele uhlobo lwebhegi, izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo, ubungakanani kunye nobungakanani obufunekayo. Ukuze sikunike iingcaphuno.
Ixesha leposi: Matshi-22-2024
