Imithetho emisha yaseSpain enezindlela eziningi zokukhuthaza ukuphinda kusetshenziswe amaphakheji epulasitiki
NgoMashi 31, 2022, iPhalamende laseSpain laphasisa uMthetho Wokukhuphula Umnotho Ojikelezayo Osebenzisa Imfucuza Nokungcola, ovimbela ukusetshenziswa kwama-phthalates kanye ne-bisphenol A ekupakisheni kokudla futhi osekela ukusetshenziswa kabusha kokupakisha ukudla ngo-2022. Uzoqala ukusebenza ngokusemthethweni ngomhlaka-9 Ephreli.
Lo mthetho uhlose ukunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwemfucuza, ikakhulukazi amapulasitiki asetshenziswa kanye kuphela, nokuphatha umthelela omubi wokupakisha imfucuza empilweni yabantu kanye nemvelo, nokukhuthaza intuthuko yomnotho ojikelezayo. Lo mthetho uthatha indawo yoMthetho No. 22/2011 mayelana nokulawulwa kwemfucuza kanye nomhlabathi ongcolile wangomhla zingama-28 kuNtulikazi 2011 futhi uhlanganisa iSiqondiso (EU) 2018/851 mayelana nemfucuza kanye neSiqondiso (EU) 2019/904 mayelana nokunciphisa iziqondiso ezithile mayelana nomthelela wemvelo wemikhiqizo ethile yepulasitiki ezifakwe ohlelweni lwezomthetho lwaseSpain.
Nciphisa izinhlobo zemikhiqizo yepulasitiki emakethe
Ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela wemikhiqizo yepulasitiki emvelweni, "Umthetho Wokukhuthazwa Kwenhlabathi Engcolile Nokungcola Komnotho Ojikelezayo" wengeza izinhlobo ezintsha zepulasitiki ezingavunyelwe ukufakwa emakethe yaseSpain:
1. Imikhiqizo yepulasitiki eshiwo esigabeni IVB se-Annex to the Regulation;
2. Noma yimuphi umkhiqizo wepulasitiki owenziwe ngamapulasitiki abola nge-oxidatively;
3. Imikhiqizo yepulasitiki ene-microplastics efakwe ngamabomu engaphansi kuka-5 mm.
Ngokuphathelene nemikhawulo ebekwe ngokwengxenye, kuzosebenza izinhlinzeko ze-Annex XVII to Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 zePhalamende laseYurophu kanye neMkhandlu (REACH Regulation).
I-Annex IVB ikhomba ukuthi imikhiqizo yepulasitiki elahlwayo njenge-cotton swabs, izinto zokusikela, amapuleti, utshani, amabhodlela eziphuzo, izinti ezisetshenziselwa ukulungisa nokuxhuma amabhaluni, izitsha zeziphuzo ezenziwe nge-polystyrene enwetshiwe, njll. zivinjelwe ukuthi zifakwe emakethe, njengezinjongo zokwelapha, njll. Ngaphandle kokuthi kuhlinzekwe ngenye indlela.
Khuthaza ukusetshenziswa kabusha kwepulasitiki kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo
UMthetho Wokukhuphula Umnotho Ojikelezayo Wenhlabathi Engcolile Nokungcola ulungisa imigomo yepulasitiki ephinde yasetshenziswa eMthethweni Nombolo 22/2011: ngo-2025, wonke amabhodlela e-polyethylene terephthalate (PET) kumele abe nepulasitiki ephinde yasetshenziswa okungenani engu-25%, Ngo-2030, amabhodlela e-PET kumele abe nepulasitiki ephinde yasetshenziswa okungenani engu-30%. Lo mthetho kulindeleke ukuthi ukhuthaze intuthuko yemakethe yesibili ye-PET ephinde yasetshenziswa eSpain.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuze kukhuthazwe ukuvuselelwa kwemikhiqizo yepulasitiki, ingxenye yepulasitiki ephinde yasetshenziswa equkethwe emikhiqizweni ekhokhiswa intela ayikhokhiswa intela. Inqubo yokungenisa imikhiqizo engaphakathi kobubanzi bentela kumele ibhale inani lamapulasitiki angaphinde asetshenziswe angenisiwe. Lo mthetho uzoqala ukusebenza kusukela mhla lu-1 kuJanuwari 2023.
Kusukela ngoJanuwari 1, 2023, ngokuhambisana nezimiso zomnotho ojikelezayo, iSpain izoqala ukukhokhisa intela yepulasitiki ekupakishweni kwepulasitiki okusetshenziswa kanye kuphela, okungaphinde kusetshenziswe.
Izinto ezikhokhiswa intela:
Kubandakanya abakhiqizi eSpain, izinkampani kanye nabantu abazisebenzayo abangenisa eSpain futhi bahlanganyele ekuthengeni ngaphakathi kwe-EU.
Ububanzi bentela:
Iqukethe umqondo obanzi "wokupakisha ipulasitiki engaphinde isetshenziswe", okuhlanganisa:
1. Isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo yokupakisha yepulasitiki engasetshenziswa kabusha eqediwe ngokuphelele;
2. Kusetshenziselwa ukufaka, ukuhweba noma ukubonisa imikhiqizo yepulasitiki engasetshenziswa kabusha;
3. Izitsha zepulasitiki ezingasetshenziswa kabusha.
Ezinye izibonelo zemikhiqizo engaphansi komkhawulo wentela zifaka phakathi kodwa azigcini nje ngalokhu: izikhwama zepulasitiki, amabhodlela epulasitiki, amabhokisi okupakisha epulasitiki, amafilimu okupakisha epulasitiki, amateyipu okupakisha epulasitiki, izinkomishi zepulasitiki, izitsha zepulasitiki, utshani bepulasitiki, izikhwama zokupakisha zepulasitiki, njll.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi le mikhiqizo isetshenziselwa ukupakisha ukudla, iziphuzo, izidingo zansuku zonke noma ezinye izinto, uma nje ukupakisha kwangaphandle kwephakeji kwenziwe ngepulasitiki, kuzokhokhiswa intela yokupakisha yepulasitiki.
Uma kuyipulasitiki engasetshenziswa kabusha, kudingeka isitifiketi sokusetshenziswa kabusha.
izinga lentela:
Izinga lentela liyi-EUR 0.45 ngekhilogremu ngokusekelwe esimemezelweni sesisindo esiphelele ku-Athikili 47.
Imibono yokuvikelwa kwemvelo kanye nentuthuko esimeme ithola ukunakwa emazweni amaningi emhlabeni jikelele. Ngenxa yalokho, kugcizelelwa kakhulu isidingo sokushintsha ukupakishwa kwepulasitiki okusetshenziswa kanye kuphela ngezindlela ezingasetshenziswa kabusha noma ezibolayo. Lolu shintsho luqhutshwe ukuqashelwa komthelela olimazayo imfucuza yepulasitiki enawo emvelweni, ikakhulukazi maqondana nokungcola kanye nokuncipha kwezinsiza zemvelo.
Ephendula le nkinga ephuthumayo, amazwe amaningi abeka phambili ukusesha abahlinzeki abathembekile ukuze kube lula ukuguqulwa kokupakisha kwepulasitiki kube yizindlela ezingasetshenziswa kabusha noma ezibolayo. Umgomo uwukufaka esikhundleni ngokuphelele ukupakisha kwepulasitiki ngezinto ezinobungani nemvelo, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe umthwalo wemvelo obangelwa yipulasitiki engasebenziseki kabusha.
Ukushintsha kusuka ekupakisheni kwepulasitiki kuya ekupakisheni okuphinde kusetshenziswe noma okubolayo kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekufinyeleleni ukusimama kanye nokunciphisa umthelela wemvelo wezimboni ezahlukene. Ngokwamukela lolu shintsho, amabhizinisi kanye nabathengi ngokufanayo bangafaka isandla ekuvikeleni imvelo kanye nezinsiza zemvelo.
Izinto zokupakisha eziphinde zisetshenziswe futhi ezibolayo zinikeza ikhambi elithembisayo ezinseleleni ezibangelwa ukupakisha kwepulasitiki kwendabuko. Lezi zindlela ezihlukile azigcini nje ngokunciphisa ukuthembela ezinsizeni ezingavuseleleki, kodwa futhi ziyasiza ekunciphiseni ukuqongelela kwemfucuza yepulasitiki ezindaweni zokulahla udoti kanye nolwandle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kokupakisha okuphinde kusetshenziswe futhi nokubolayo kusekela umnotho ojikelezayo ngokukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kabusha kanye nokusetshenziswa kabusha kwezinto, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe umthelela jikelele kwezemvelo.
Njengoba isidingo sokupakisha okuhambisana nemvelo siqhubeka nokukhula, imboni ibona ukwanda kokusungula izinto ezintsha kanye nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe okuhloswe ngayo ukuthuthukisa izixazululo zokupakisha ezisimeme. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuhlola izinto ezintsha kanye nezinqubo zokukhiqiza ezinamathela ezimisweni zokuphathwa kwemvelo kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezinsiza.
Ngamafuphi, ukushintshwa okusheshayo kokupakishwa kwepulasitiki ngezinketho ezingaphinde zisetshenziswe noma ezibolayo kubonisa ushintsho olubalulekile ekusimeni kwemvelo. Ngokubeka phambili ukupakishwa okunobungani nemvelo, amazwe nezinkampani bathatha izinyathelo ezisheshayo zokubhekana nezinselele zemvelo ezihlobene nemfucuza yepulasitiki. Lolu shintsho alugcini nje ngokugcizelela ukuzibophezela ekuvikelweni kwemvelo kodwa futhi lukhombisa umzamo wokubambisana wokwakha ikusasa elizinzile neliqinile lezizukulwane ezizayo.
Singumkhiqizi ogxile ekukhiqizeni izikhwama zokupakisha ikhofi iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20. Sesibe ngomunye wabakhiqizi abakhulu bezikhwama zekhofi eShayina.
Sisebenzisa ama-valve e-WIPF asezingeni eliphezulu avela eSwitzerland ukuze sigcine ikhofi yakho isha.
Sithuthukise izikhwama ezinobungani nemvelo, njengezikhwama ezifakwa umquba、Izikhwama ezingasetshenziswa kabusha kanye nokupakishwa kwezinto ze-PCR. Ziyindlela engcono kakhulu yokushintsha izikhwama zepulasitiki ezivamile.
Sinamathisele ikhathalogi yethu, sicela usithumelele uhlobo lwesikhwama, izinto zokwakha, usayizi kanye nenani olidingayo. Ukuze sikucaphunele.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-12-2024
