Indoneziya irateganya guhagarika kohereza mu mahanga ibishyimbo bya kawa bibisi
Nk’uko byatangajwe n’itangazamakuru ryo muri Indoneziya, mu nama ya buri munsi y’abashoramari ya BNI yabereye muri Jakarta Convention Center kuva ku ya 8 kugeza ku ya 9 Ukwakira 2024, Perezida Joko Widodo yatanze igitekerezo cy’uko igihugu kirimo gutekereza ku guhagarika kohereza mu mahanga ibicuruzwa by’ubuhinzi bidatunganyijwe nka kawa na kakao.
Bivugwa ko mu nama y’abakuru b’ibihugu, Perezida wa Indoneziya uriho ubu, Joko Widodo, yagaragaje ko ubukungu bw’isi burimo guhangana n’ibibazo nk’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, igabanuka ry’ubukungu n’ibibazo bya politiki, ariko Indoneziya iracyakora neza. Mu gihembwe cya kabiri cya 2024, igipimo cy’izamuka ry’ubukungu bwa Indoneziya cyari 5.08%. Byongeye kandi, perezida ateganya ko mu myaka itanu iri imbere, umusaruro rusange wa Indoneziya uzarenga amadolari y’Amerika 7.000, kandi biteganijwe ko uzagera ku madolari y’Amerika 9.000 mu myaka icumi. Kubwibyo, kugira ngo ibi bigerweho, Perezida Joko yatanze ingamba ebyiri z’ingenzi: umutungo ukomoka ku isoko n’ikoranabuhanga.
Birumvikana ko muri Mutarama 2020, Indoneziya yashyizeho ku mugaragaro itegeko ryo guhagarika kohereza hanze inganda za nikeli binyuze muri politiki iri imbere. Igomba gushongeshwa cyangwa gutunganywa mu gihugu mbere yuko yoherezwa mu mahanga. Yizeye gukurura abashoramari gushora imari mu nganda zo muri Indoneziya kugira ngo zitunganye amabuye ya nikeli. Nubwo byarwanyijwe n'Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi n'ibihugu byinshi, nyuma yo gushyirwa mu bikorwa, ubushobozi bwo gutunganya aya mabuye y'agaciro bwiyongereye cyane, kandi ingano y'ayoherezwa mu mahanga yazamutse kuva kuri miliyari 1.4-2 z'amadolari y'Amerika mbere y'itegeko ryo guhagarika igera kuri miliyari 34.8 z'amadolari y'Amerika uyu munsi.
Perezida Joko yizera ko politiki yo kuvugurura ibidukikije ikoreshwa no ku zindi nganda. Kubwibyo, guverinoma ya Indoneziya iri gutegura gahunda yo gushyira mu bikorwa izindi nganda zisa n’izitunganya amabuye ya nikeli, harimo ibishyimbo bya kawa bitaratunganywa, kakao, urusenda na patchouli, no kwaguka mu rwego rw’ubuhinzi, ubworozi bwo mu mazi n’ibiribwa.
Perezida Joko yavuze kandi ko ari ngombwa gushishikariza inganda zitunganya umusaruro w’imbere mu gihugu zikoresha abakozi benshi no kwagura ubukungu bw’igihugu mu nzego z’ubuhinzi, inyanja n’ibiribwa kugira ngo ikawa yongererwe agaciro. Niba izi mirima zishobora gutezwa imbere, zikongera imbaraga no kwaguka, zishobora kwinjira mu nganda zikiri hasi. Byaba ibiribwa, ibinyobwa cyangwa amavuta yo kwisiga, hagomba gukorwa ibishoboka byose kugira ngo hakumirwe kohereza ibicuruzwa bitaratunganywa mu mahanga.
Bivugwa ko hari icyitegererezo cyo guhagarika kohereza ikawa idatunganyijwe mu mahanga, kandi yari ikawa izwi cyane yo muri Jamayika. Mu 2009, izina rya Kawa yo muri Jamayika Blue Mountain Coffee ryari rimaze kuba riri hejuru cyane, kandi hari "ikawa nyinshi z'impimbano zo mu misozi ya Blue Mountain" zagaragaye ku isoko mpuzamahanga rya kawa icyo gihe. Kugira ngo Kawa yo muri Blue Mountain igire isuku n'ubwiza buri hejuru, Jamayika yashyizeho politiki ya "National Export Strategy" (NES) icyo gihe. Guverinoma ya Jamayika yashyigikiye cyane ko Kawa yo muri Blue Mountain itekwa aho yaturutse. Byongeye kandi, icyo gihe, ikawa itekwa yagurishwaga ku madolari y'Amerika 39.7 kuri kilo, mu gihe ikawa y'icyatsi yari amadolari y'Amerika 32.2 kuri kilo. Ikawa itekwa yari ihenze cyane, ibyo bikaba byashoboraga kongera uruhare rw'ibyoherezwa mu mahanga mu musaruro rusange w'igihugu.
Ariko, bitewe n’iterambere ry’ubwisanzure mu bucuruzi mu myaka ya vuba aha ndetse n’ibisabwa ku isoko mpuzamahanga rya kawa nziza, imicungire y’impushya zo gutumiza no kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga muri Jamayika ndetse n’ibipimo byayo byatangiye kugabanuka buhoro buhoro, none ubu kohereza ibishyimbo bya kawa bibisi byo mu mahanga nabyo byemerewe.
Kugeza ubu, Indoneziya ni yo ya kane mu bihugu byohereza ikawa mu mahanga cyane. Dukurikije imibare yavuye muri guverinoma ya Indoneziya, ubuso bw'imirima ya kawa muri Indoneziya ni hegitari miliyoni 1.2, mu gihe ubuso bw'umusaruro wa kakao bugera kuri hegitari miliyoni 1.4. Isoko ryiteze ko umusaruro wa kawa muri Indoneziya uzagera ku mifuka miliyoni 11.5, ariko ikawa yo mu gihugu muri Indoneziya ikoreshwa cyane, kandi hari imifuka miliyoni 6.7 ya kawa ishobora koherezwa mu mahanga.
Nubwo politiki yo kohereza ikawa mu mahanga idatunganyijwe ikiri mu cyiciro cyo gushyiraho, iyo politiki nimara gushyirwa mu bikorwa, izatuma isoko ry’ikawa ku isi rigabanuka, ibi bikazatuma ibiciro byiyongera. Indoneziya ni yo ya kane ku isi mu gucuruza ikawa, kandi itegeko ryayo ryo kohereza ikawa mu mahanga rizagira ingaruka zitaziguye ku isoko ry’ikawa ku isi. Byongeye kandi, ibihugu bitunganya ikawa nka Brezili na Vietnam byatangaje ko umusaruro wayo wagabanutse, kandi ibiciro bya kawa biracyari hejuru. Niba itegeko ryo kohereza ikawa mu mahanga muri Indoneziya rishyizweho, ibiciro bya kawa bizazamuka cyane.
Mu gihembwe cya vuba aha cya kawa yo muri Indoneziya, umusaruro w’ibishyimbo bya kawa muri Indoneziya mu gihembwe cya 2024/25 witezweho kuba imifuka miliyoni 10.9, muri yo imifuka igera kuri miliyoni 4.8 ikoreshwa mu gihugu, kandi ibirenga kimwe cya kabiri cy’ibishyimbo bya kawa bizakoreshwa mu kohereza mu mahanga. Iyo Indoneziya ishyigikiye gutunganya ibishyimbo bya kawa mu buryo bwimbitse, ishobora gukomeza kugira agaciro ko gutunganya mu buryo bwimbitse mu gihugu cyayo. Ariko, ku ruhande rumwe, isoko ryo mu mahanga rifite igice kinini cy’ibishyimbo bya kawa, naho ku rundi ruhande, isoko ry’ibishyimbo bya kawa rikomeje gushaka kugurisha ibishyimbo bya kawa bishya mu bihugu biguzi, ibyo bizatuma ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya politiki rikemangwa cyane. Hakenewe andi makuru ku iterambere ry’ingamba za politiki ya Indoneziya.
Nk’igihugu cyohereza cyane ibishyimbo bya kawa mu mahanga, politiki ya Indoneziya igira ingaruka zikomeye ku bacuruzi ba kawa hirya no hino ku isi. Kugabanuka kw’ibikoresho fatizo n’izamuka ry’ibiciro by’ibikoresho fatizo bivuze ko abacuruzi bagomba kongera ibiciro byabo byo kugurisha hakurikijwe ibyo bagurisha. Ntawamenya niba abaguzi bazishyura igiciro. Uretse politiki yo gusubiza ibikoresho fatizo, abacuruzi bagomba no kuvugurura no kuvugurura uburyo bapfunyika. Ubushakashatsi ku isoko bwerekana ko 90% by’abaguzi bazishyura uburyo bwo gupfunyika bwiza kandi bwiza, kandi kubona uruganda rwizewe rwo gupfunyika nabyo ni ikibazo.
Turi uruganda rwihariye mu gukora imifuka yo gupfunyikamo ikawa mu gihe cy'imyaka irenga 20. Twabaye rumwe mu nganda nini zikora imifuka ya kawa mu Bushinwa.
Dukoresha valve nziza cyane za WIPF zo mu Busuwisi kugira ngo ikawa yawe ikomeze kuba nshya.
Twakoze imifuka irinda ibidukikije, nk'imifuka ishobora gufumbirwa n'imifuka ishobora kongera gukoreshwa, hamwe n'ibikoresho bishya bya PCR byashyizwe ahagaragara.
Ni amahitamo meza yo gusimbuza imifuka isanzwe ya pulasitiki.
Akayunguruzo kacu ka kawa gakozwe mu bikoresho by'Abayapani, ari na ko kayunguruzo keza cyane ku isoko.
Dufite kataloge yacu, twoherereze ubwoko bw'igikapu, ibikoresho, ingano n'ingano ukeneye. Kugira ngo tubashe kugutangaho ibiciro.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-18-2024
