I-Indonesia iceba ukuthintela ukuthunyelwa kweembotyi zekofu ezingavuthwanga kwamanye amazwe
Ngokweengxelo zeendaba zaseIndonesia, ngexesha leNgqungquthela ye-BNI Investor Daily eyayibanjelwe kwiZiko leeNgqungquthela laseJakarta ukususela nge-8 ukuya kwi-9 ka-Okthobha, ngo-2024, uMongameli uJoko Widodo ucebise ukuba ilizwe licinga ngokuthintela ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kweemveliso zezolimo ezingacutshungulwanga ezifana nekofu kunye nekoko.
Kubikwa ukuba ngexesha lengqungquthela, uMongameli wase-Indonesia uJoko Widodo ubonise ukuba uqoqosho lwehlabathi ngoku lujongene nemingeni efana notshintsho lwemozulu, ukuhla koqoqosho kunye noxinzelelo lwezopolitiko, kodwa i-Indonesia isaqhuba kakuhle. Kwikota yesibini ka-2024, izinga lokukhula koqoqosho lwase-Indonesia laliyi-5.08%. Ukongeza, umongameli uqikelela ukuba kwiminyaka emihlanu ezayo, i-GDP yomntu ngamnye wase-Indonesia iya kudlula i-US$7,000, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba ifikelele kwi-US$9,000 kwiminyaka elishumi. Ke ngoko, ukuze kufezekiswe oku, uMongameli uJoko ucebise amaqhinga amabini abalulekileyo: izixhobo ezisezantsi kunye nokufakwa kwedijithali.
Kuyaqondakala ukuba ngoJanuwari 2020, i-Indonesia yaqalisa ngokusesikweni umthetho wokuthintela ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwishishini le-nickel ngomgaqo-nkqubo osezantsi. Kufuneka inyibilikiswe okanye icocwe ngaphakathi ngaphambi kokuba ithunyelwe kwamanye amazwe. Inethemba lokutsala abatyali-mali ukuba batyale imali ngokuthe ngqo kwimizi-mveliso e-Indonesia ukuze basebenze i-nickel ore. Nangona yayichaswa yi-European Union kunye namazwe amaninzi, emva kokuphunyezwa kwayo, amandla okucubungula ezi zimbiwa anyuke kakhulu, kwaye umthamo wokuthumela kwamanye amazwe unyuke ukusuka kwi-US$1.4-2 yeebhiliyoni ngaphambi kokuvalwa ukuya kwi-US$34.8 yeebhiliyoni namhlanje.
UMongameli uJoko ukholelwa ukuba umgaqo-nkqubo oza kulandela uyasebenza nakwamanye amashishini. Ngenxa yoko, urhulumente wase-Indonesia okwangoku uqulunqa izicwangciso zokufaka amanye amashishini afana nokucubungula i-nickel ore, kuquka iimbotyi zekofu ezingalungiswanga, i-cocoa, ipepile kunye ne-patchouli, kunye nokwandisa ukuya kwicandelo lezolimo, elolwandle kunye nelokutya.
UMongameli uJoko ukwathe kuyimfuneko ukukhuthaza amashishini okucubungula asekhaya asebenzisa abasebenzi abaninzi kunye nokwandisa ubuzwe bezixhobo kumacandelo ezolimo, aselwandle kunye nokutya ukuze kufumaneke ixabiso elongezelelekileyo kwikofu. Ukuba la masimi anokuphuhliswa, avuselelwe kwaye anwetshwe, anokungena kushishino olusezantsi. Nokuba kukutya, iziselo okanye izinto zokuthambisa, kufuneka kwenziwe yonke imizamo yokuthintela ukuthunyelwa kweempahla ezingalungiswanga kwamanye amazwe.
Kubikwa ukuba bekukho umzekelo wokuthintela ukuthunyelwa kwekofu engalungiswanga kwamanye amazwe, kwaye yayiyiJamaican Blue Mountain Coffee edumileyo. Ngo-2009, udumo lweJamaican Blue Mountain Coffee lwalusele luphezulu kakhulu, kwaye uninzi lweekofu zobuxoki "zeBlue Mountain flavored" zavela kwimarike yekofu yamazwe ngamazwe ngelo xesha. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ubunyulu kunye nomgangatho ophezulu weBlue Mountain Coffee, iJamaica yazisa umgaqo-nkqubo we-"National Export Strategy" (NES) ngelo xesha. Urhulumente waseJamaica wayekhuthaza ngamandla ukuba iBlue Mountain Coffee igcadwe kwindawo eyayivela kuyo. Ukongeza, ngelo xesha, iimbotyi zekofu ezigcadiweyo zazithengiswa nge-US$39.7 ngekhilogram, ngelixa iimbotyi zekofu eziluhlaza zaziyi-US$32.2 ngekhilogram. Iimbotyi zekofu ezigcadiweyo zazibiza kakhulu, nto leyo enokunyusa igalelo lokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwi-GDP.
Nangona kunjalo, ngophuhliso lokukhululeka kurhwebo kwiminyaka yakutshanje kunye neemfuno zemarike yekofu yamazwe ngamazwe zekofu eyosiweyo entsha, ulawulo lweJamaica lweelayisenisi zokungenisa nokuthumela impahla kunye nee-quotas luqalile ukuthomalaliswa kancinci kancinci, kwaye ngoku ukuthunyelwa kweembotyi zekofu eziluhlaza kuvunyelwe.
Okwangoku, i-Indonesia yindawo yesine ngobukhulu yokuthengisa ikofu kwamanye amazwe. Ngokwezibalo ezivela kurhulumente wase-Indonesia, indawo yokutyala ikofu e-Indonesia yi-1.2 yezigidi zeehektare, ngelixa indawo yokuvelisa ikofu ifikelela kwi-1.4 yezigidi zeehektare. Imarike ilindele ukuba imveliso iyonke yekofu e-Indonesia ifikelele kwiingxowa ze-11.5 yezigidi zeengxowa, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwekofu e-Indonesia kukhulu, kwaye kukho malunga ne-6.7 yezigidi zeengxowa zekofu ezikhoyo zokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe.
Nangona umgaqo-nkqubo wangoku wokuthumela ikofu ngaphandle ongalungiswanga usekwinqanaba lokwenziwa, xa lo mgaqo-nkqubo uphunyeziwe, uya kukhokelela ekunciphiseni ukunikezelwa kwekofu kwihlabathi liphela, nto leyo eya kukhokelela ekunyukeni kwamaxabiso. I-Indonesia lilizwe lesine ngobukhulu emhlabeni elivelisa ikofu, kwaye ukuvinjelwa kwayo kokuthunyelwa kwekofu ngaphandle kuya kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukunikezelwa kwemarike yekofu yehlabathi. Ukongeza, amazwe avelisa ikofu afana neBrazil neVietnam abike ukwehla kwemveliso, kwaye amaxabiso ekofu ahlala ephezulu. Ukuba ummiselo wokuthunyelwa kwekofu ngaphandle e-Indonesia unyanzeliswa, amaxabiso ekofu aya kunyuka kakhulu.
Kwixesha lakutshanje lekofu e-Indonesia, imveliso iyonke yeembotyi zekofu e-Indonesia kwixesha lonyaka ka-2024/25 kulindeleke ukuba ibe ziingxowa ezizizigidi ezili-10.9, apho malunga neengxowa ezizizigidi ezi-4.8 zisetyenziswa ngaphakathi, kwaye ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha seembotyi zekofu ziya kusetyenziselwa ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Ukuba i-Indonesia ikhuthaza ukucutshungulwa nzulu kweembotyi zekofu, inokugcina ixabiso elongezelelweyo lokucutshungulwa nzulu kwilizwe layo. Nangona kunjalo, kwelinye icala, imakethi yaphesheya ibandakanya inxalenye enkulu yeembotyi zekofu, kwaye kwelinye icala, imakethi yeembotyi zekofu ithanda kakhulu ukuthengisa iimbotyi zekofu ezisandula ukugcadwa kumazwe abathengi, nto leyo eya kwenza ukuba ukuphunyezwa komgaqo-nkqubo kube ngathandabuzekiyo. Iindaba ezingaphezulu ziyafuneka malunga nenkqubela phambili yentshukumo yomgaqo-nkqubo wase-Indonesia.
Njengomthengisi omkhulu weembotyi zekofu, umgaqo-nkqubo wase-Indonesia unempembelelo enamandla kubaroki bekofu kwihlabathi liphela. Ukuncitshiswa kwezinto eziluhlaza kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso ezinto eziluhlaza kuthetha ukuba abathengisi kufuneka bonyuse amaxabiso abo okuthengisa ngokufanelekileyo. Akwaziwa nokuba abathengi baza kuhlawula ixabiso na. Ukongeza kumgaqo-nkqubo wokuphendula izinto eziluhlaza, abaroki kufuneka bahlaziye kwaye baphucule ukupakisha kwabo. Uphando lwemarike lubonisa ukuba ama-90% abathengi baya kuhlawulela ukupakisha okugqwesileyo nokumgangatho ophezulu, kwaye ukufumana umenzi wokupakisha othembekileyo nako kuyingxaki.
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Ixesha leposi: Oktobha-18-2024
