I-Indonesia ihlela ukuvimbela ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwamabhontshisi ekhofi angaphekiwe
Ngokusho kwemibiko yabezindaba base-Indonesia, ngesikhathi seNgqungquthela ye-BNI Investor Daily eyayibanjelwe eJakarta Convention Center kusukela mhla ziyi-8 kuya ku-9 kuMfumfu 2024, uMongameli uJoko Widodo uphakamise ukuthi izwe licabangela ukuvimbela ukuthunyelwa kwemikhiqizo yezolimo engacutshungulwanga njengekhofi kanye ne-cocoa.
Kubikwa ukuthi ngesikhathi sengqungquthela, uMengameli wase-Indonesia uJoko Widodo wamanje ukhombe ukuthi umnotho womhlaba njengamanje ubhekene nezinselelo ezifana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, ukwehla komnotho kanye nokungezwani kwezepolitiki, kodwa i-Indonesia isasebenza kahle. Kwikota yesibili ka-2024, izinga lokukhula komnotho e-Indonesia lalingu-5.08%. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umongameli ubikezela ukuthi eminyakeni emihlanu ezayo, i-GDP yomuntu ngamunye e-Indonesia izodlula u-US$7,000, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele u-US$9,000 eminyakeni eyishumi. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kufezwe lokhu, uMongameli uJoko uphakamise amasu amabili abalulekile: izinsiza ezingezansi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwedijithali.
Kuyaqondakala ukuthi ngoJanuwari 2020, i-Indonesia yaqala ngokusemthethweni ukuvinjelwa kokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe embonini ye-nickel ngenqubomgomo engezansi. Kumele incibilikiswe noma ihlanzwe endaweni ngaphambi kokuba ithunyelwe kwamanye amazwe. Ithemba ukuheha abatshalizimali ukuthi batshale imali ngqo emafektri e-Indonesia ukuze bacubungule i-nickel ore. Nakuba iphikiswa yi-European Union kanye namazwe amaningi, ngemuva kokuqaliswa kwayo, amandla okucubungula alezi zimbiwa akhuphuke kakhulu, futhi umthamo wokuthumela kwamanye amazwe ukhuphuke usuka ku-US$1.4-2 billion ngaphambi kokuvinjelwa wafika ku-US$34.8 billion namuhla.
UMongameli uJoko ukholelwa ukuthi inqubomgomo engezansi iyasebenza nakwezinye izimboni. Ngakho-ke, uhulumeni wase-Indonesia okwamanje uhlela izinhlelo zokufaka ezinye izimboni endaweni efana nokucubungula i-nickel ore, okuhlanganisa ubhontshisi wekhofi ongacutshungulwanga, i-cocoa, i-pepper kanye ne-patchouli, kanye nokwandisa imikhakha yezolimo, yasolwandle kanye nokudla.
UMongameli uJoko uphinde wathi kuyadingeka ukukhuthaza izimboni zokucubungula zasekhaya ezidinga abasebenzi abaningi kanye nokwandisa ubuzwe bezinsizakusebenza emikhakheni yezolimo, yasolwandle kanye neyokudla ukuze kulethwe inani elengeziwe lekhofi. Uma lawa masimu engathuthukiswa, avuselelwe futhi anwetshwe, angangena embonini engezansi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukudla, iziphuzo noma izimonyo, kufanele kwenziwe yonke imizamo yokuvimbela ukuthunyelwa kwezimpahla ezingacutshungulwanga kwamanye amazwe.
Kubikwa ukuthi kube khona isibonelo sokuvimbela ukuthunyelwa kwekhofi engacutshungulwanga kwamanye amazwe, futhi kwakuyikhofi edumile yaseJamaican Blue Mountain. Ngo-2009, idumela lekhofi yaseJamaican Blue Mountain lase liphezulu kakhulu, futhi kwavela amakhofi amaningi mbumbulu "anephunga leBlue Mountain" emakethe yekhofi yamazwe ngamazwe ngaleso sikhathi. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ubumsulwa kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu yekhofi yaseBlue Mountain, iJamaica yethula inqubomgomo ethi "National Export Strategy" (NES) ngaleso sikhathi. Uhulumeni waseJamaica wakhuthaza kakhulu ukuthi ikhofi yaseBlue Mountain ishiswe endaweni eyasungulwa kuyo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaleso sikhathi, ubhontshisi wekhofi oqoshiwe wawuthengiswa ngo-$39.7 ngekhilogramu, kanti ubhontshisi wekhofi oluhlaza wawungu-$32.2 ngekhilogramu. Ubhontshisi wekhofi oqoshiwe wawubiza kakhulu, okwakungakhuphula umnikelo wokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ku-GDP.
Kodwa-ke, ngentuthuko yokukhululeka kwezohwebo eminyakeni yamuva kanye nezidingo zemakethe yekhofi yamazwe ngamazwe yekhofi elisanda kubhakwa, ukuphathwa kwamalayisense okungenisa nokuthumela impahla kanye nezilinganiso zaseJamaica sekuqalile ukuncishiswa kancane kancane, futhi manje ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwamabhontshisi ekhofi aluhlaza nakho kuvunyelwe.
Njengamanje, i-Indonesia iyizwe lesine elikhulu kakhulu elithumela ikhofi kwamanye amazwe. Ngokwezibalo ezivela kuhulumeni wase-Indonesia, indawo yokutshala ikhofi e-Indonesia ingamahektha ayizigidi ezingu-1.2, kanti indawo yokukhiqizwa kwe-cocoa ifinyelela kumahektha ayizigidi ezingu-1.4. Imakethe ilindele ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwekhofi okuphelele e-Indonesia kufinyelele kumasaka ayizigidi ezingu-11.5, kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwekhofi yasekhaya e-Indonesia kukhulu, futhi kunezikhwama zekhofi ezingaba yizigidi ezingu-6.7 ezitholakalayo ukuze zithunyelwe kwamanye amazwe.
Nakuba inqubomgomo yokuthumela ikhofi engakacutshungulwa yamanje isesesigabeni sokwakhiwa, uma le nqubomgomo isiqalisiwe, izoholela ekunciphiseni ukunikezwa kwemakethe yekhofi yomhlaba wonke, okuzoholela ekukhuphukeni kwentengo. I-Indonesia ingumkhiqizi wekhofi wesine ngobukhulu emhlabeni, futhi ukuvinjelwa kwayo kokuthunyelwa kwekhofi kuzothinta ngqo ukunikezwa kwemakethe yekhofi yomhlaba wonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amazwe akhiqiza ikhofi njengeBrazil neVietnam abike ukwehla komkhiqizo, futhi amanani ekhofi ahlala ephezulu. Uma ukuvinjelwa kokuthunyelwa kwekhofi e-Indonesia kufakwa, amanani ekhofi azokhuphuka kakhulu.
Esikhathini sakamuva sekhofi sase-Indonesia, ukukhiqizwa kwebhontshisi yekhofi iyonke e-Indonesia ngesizini ka-2024/25 kulindeleke ukuthi kube yizikhwama eziyizigidi ezingu-10.9, lapho cishe izikhwama eziyizigidi ezingu-4.8 zidliwa ngaphakathi ezweni, kanti ngaphezu kwengxenye yebhontshisi yekhofi izosetshenziselwa ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Uma i-Indonesia ikhuthaza ukucutshungulwa okujulile kwebhontshisi yekhofi, ingagcina inani elengeziwe lokucubungula okujulile ezweni layo. Kodwa-ke, ngakolunye uhlangothi, imakethe yaphesheya ibala ingxenye enkulu yebhontshisi yekhofi, kanti ngakolunye uhlangothi, imakethe yebhontshisi yekhofi ithambekele kakhulu ekuthengiseni ubhontshisi wekhofi osanda kubhakwa emazweni abathengi, okuzokwenza ukuphoqelelwa kwenqubomgomo kungabazeke kakhulu. Kudingeka ezinye izindaba mayelana nenqubekela phambili yesinyathelo senqubomgomo sase-Indonesia.
Njengomthengisi omkhulu wekhofi, inqubomgomo yase-Indonesia inomthelela omkhulu kubakhi bekhofi emhlabeni jikelele. Ukwehla kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nokwenyuka kwamanani ezinto zokusetshenziswa kusho ukuthi abathengisi kudingeka bakhuphule amanani abo okuthengisa ngokufanele. Ukuthi abathengi bazokhokha yini intengo akukaziwa. Ngaphezu kwenqubomgomo yokuphendula izinto zokusetshenziswa, abakhi bekhofi kufanele babuyekeze futhi bathuthukise ukupakisha kwabo. Ucwaningo lwemakethe lubonisa ukuthi abathengi abangu-90% bazokhokha ukupakisha okuhle kakhulu nokusezingeni eliphezulu, futhi ukuthola umenzi wokupakisha onokwethenjelwa nakho kuyinkinga.
Singumkhiqizi ogxile ekukhiqizeni izikhwama zokupakisha ikhofi iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20. Sesibe ngomunye wabakhiqizi abakhulu bezikhwama zekhofi eShayina.
Sisebenzisa ama-valve e-WIPF asezingeni eliphezulu avela eSwitzerland ukuze sigcine ikhofi yakho isha.
Sithuthukise izikhwama ezinobungani nemvelo, njengezikhwama ezifakwa umquba kanye nezikhwama ezingasetshenziswa kabusha, kanye nezinto zakamuva ze-PCR ezethulwe.
Yizona zinketho ezinhle kakhulu zokushintsha izikhwama zepulasitiki ezivamile.
Isihlungi sethu sekhofi esiconsayo senziwe ngezinto zaseJapane, okuyizinto zokuhlunga ezinhle kakhulu emakethe.
Sinamathisele ikhathalogi yethu, sicela usithumelele uhlobo lwesikhwama, izinto zokwakha, usayizi kanye nenani olidingayo. Ukuze sikucaphunele.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Okthoba-18-2024
