Ngā "utu huna" o te hanga kawhe
I tēnei rā'I roto i ngā mākete taonga o nāianei, kua eke ngā utu kawhe ki ngā taumata teitei rawa atu nā te āwangawanga mō te korenga o te tuku me te pikinga o te tono. Nā reira, te āhua nei he kanapa te heke mai ōhanga a ngā kaihanga pīni kawhe.
Heoi, e whakaatu ana tētahi pūrongo kaupapa here hou a te Whakahaere Kai me te Ahuwhenua o te Kotahitanga o ngā Whenua (FAO) i tētahi mea e warewarehia ana e tātou: he maha ngā utu huna kei muri i te hanga kawhe.
E whakaatu ana te pūrongo i tētahi meka kei muri i te utu mākete o te kawhe, he pānga whānui ki te taiao me te pāpori. Mai i ngā tukunga hau kati kōtuhi nui ki te mahi tamariki whānui me te rerekētanga o te whiwhinga moni, ka whakaaro tātou mēnā ko ēnei utu rekoata e whakaata ana i te"te utu tuturu"o te kawhe?
I tohu te FAO ko te arotahi o te pūrongo ki te umanga kawhe i Āwherika ki te Rawhiti, me te whakamahara mai he maha ngā utu nui e pā ana ki ngā pūnaha kai kāore e whakaatuhia ana i roto i ngā utu mākete.
E kī ana te pūrongo ko ēnei utu"ngā āhuatanga o waho"- arā, ko ngā hua ā-korekore o ngā mahi ōhanga, pērā i te kino ki te taiao, te hē o te hapori me te rawakore. Ko ēnei āhuatanga ā-waho, he rerekē ki ngā utu whakaputa tika, pērā i te mahi, te tongi rānei, he maha ngā wā ka warewarehia i roto i ngā utu, ā, ka pā nui ki ngā kaimahi pāmu iti me ō rātou hapori.
E whakaatu ana te rangahau hōhonu e 50 whārangi te roa i tētahi mea whakamiharo: he nui ngā utu huna o te hanga kawhe i Etiopia, Uganda me Tanzania. Kei roto i ēnei utu ko te huringa āhuarangi, te parahanga wai, te mahi tamariki, ngā rerekētanga utu i waenga i ngā tāne me ngā wāhine, me te rerekētanga i waenga i te whiwhinga a ngā kaimahi kawhe me te moni e hiahiatia ana hei oranga pai.
I roto i ngā whenua e toru i rangahauhia, inā koa ko Etiopia, ko te rerekētanga whiwhinga oranga te utu huna nui rawa atu, nā te iti o ngā utu pāmu me te iti o ngā tawhē hua, inā koa mō ngā kaimahi pāmu Robusta.
I kitea anō hoki e te rangahau ko ngā āhuatanga taiao, pērā i ngā tukunga hau kati kōtuhi me te whakamahinga wai, ka tāpiri i tētahi utu huna nui ki ia kirokaramu kawhe e hangaia ana i ngā whenua e toru.
Ko ngā āhuatanga pāpori me te taiao o te whakaputa kawhe ko ēnei e whai ake nei: Te mahi tamariki: He maha ngā tamariki i ngā pāmu kawhe o Āwherika ki te Rawhiti me mahi i ngā mahi taumaha, pērā i te kohi me te whakarōpū i ngā cheri kawhe, ā, he maha ngā wā ka kore ai rātou e whiwhi mātauranga. I tatauhia e te rangahau ko tēnei utu he $0.42 te teitei mō ia kirokaramu kawhe, inā koa i Uganda, he nui ake te raruraru. Te kore taurite o te ira tangata: I roto i te umanga kawhe, he maha ngā wā ka iti ake te whiwhinga a ngā wāhine i ngā tāne e mahi ana i te mahi kotahi. Ahakoa he rerekē tēnei rerekētanga whiwhinga moni i ngā wāhi rerekē, e whakaata ana i te kore taurite o te ira tangata e kitea whānuitia ana i roto i te rāngai ahuwhenua katoa. Ngā utu taiao: I ētahi wā ka arahi te whakatipu kawhe ki te whakangaromanga o te ngahere, te pikinga o ngā tukunga hau kati kōtuhi me te parahanga wai. He rerekē ēnei utu taiao huna i runga i te tikanga whakato. Hei tauira, ko aua tikanga whakato kaha me ngā hua nui ka nui ake te parahanga.
Ko te pikinga o te utu kawhe i te pūtake ko te tikanga me whakapiki ake ngā kaihoko i ngā utu i te wā kotahi. Kia pai ake ai te utu a ngā kaihoko, me tīmata rātou ki te reka kawhe, ki te takai kawhe, ki te waitohu kounga teitei, me ētahi atu. Ka taea e ngā kaihoko te kite tika i te waitohu me te takai kawhe, me te whakahua anō hoki i te hiranga o ngā kaihanga takai kawhe.
He kaihanga mātou e tohunga ana ki te hanga i ngā putea tākai kawhe mō ngā tau neke atu i te 20. Kua noho mātou hei tētahi o ngā kaihanga putea kawhe nui rawa atu i Haina.
Ka whakamahia e mātou ngā takirere WIPF kounga teitei mai i Huiterangi hei pupuri i te hou o tō kawhe.
Kua whakawhanakehia e mātou ngā putea hoa-taiao, pērā i ngā putea wairākau me ngā putea hangarua, me ngā rauemi PCR hou rawa atu.
Koinei ngā kōwhiringa pai rawa atu hei whakakapi i ngā putea kirihou tuku iho.
He mea hanga tā mātou tātari kawhe maturuturu ki ngā rauemi Hapanihi, koinei te rauemi tātari pai rawa atu kei te mākete.
Wā tuku: Hanuere-02-2025
