Kodi n’chiyani chikuchititsa kukwera kwa mitengo ya khofi?
Mu Novembala 2024, mitengo ya khofi wa Arabica inakwera kwambiri kwa zaka 13. GCR ikufotokoza zomwe zinayambitsa kukwera kumeneku komanso momwe msika wa khofi unakhudzira anthu ophika khofi padziko lonse lapansi.
YPAK yamasulira ndi kukonza nkhaniyi, ndi tsatanetsatane motere:
Khofi sikuti imangobweretsa chisangalalo ndi mpumulo kwa anthu mabiliyoni ambiri padziko lonse lapansi, komanso ili ndi udindo wofunika kwambiri pamsika wazachuma padziko lonse lapansi. Khofi wobiriwira ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zaulimi zomwe zimagulitsidwa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo mtengo wake padziko lonse lapansi ukuyembekezeka kukhala pakati pa $100 biliyoni ndi $200 biliyoni mu 2023.
Komabe, khofi si gawo lofunika kwambiri pazachuma. Malinga ndi Fairtrade Organisation, anthu pafupifupi 125 miliyoni padziko lonse lapansi amadalira khofi pazachuma chawo, ndipo anthu pafupifupi 600 miliyoni mpaka 800 miliyoni akugwira ntchito mu unyolo wonse wamakampani kuyambira kubzala mpaka kumwa. Malinga ndi International Coffee Organization (ICO), kupanga khofi m'chaka cha 2022/2023 kunafika matumba 168.2 miliyoni.
Kukwera kwa mitengo ya khofi kosalekeza chaka chatha kwakopa chidwi cha mayiko padziko lonse lapansi chifukwa cha momwe makampaniwa akukhudzira miyoyo ndi chuma cha anthu ambiri. Ogula khofi padziko lonse lapansi akudabwa ndi mtengo wa khofi wawo wam'mawa, ndipo malipoti a nkhani awonjezera zokambiranazi, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti mitengo ya ogula yatsala pang'ono kukwera.
Komabe, kodi njira yomwe ikukwera panopa ndi yosayembekezereka monga momwe ena amanenera? GCR inafunsa funso ili ku ICO, bungwe la maboma lomwe limagwirizanitsa maboma otumiza ndi kutumiza kunja ndikulimbikitsa kukula kokhazikika kwa makampani apadziko lonse lapansi a khofi pamsika.
Mitengo ikupitirira kukwera
"M'mawu ochepa, mitengo ya Arabica yomwe ilipo pano ndi yokwera kwambiri kuposa momwe inalili m'zaka 48 zapitazi. Kuti muwone ziwerengero zofanana, muyenera kubwerera ku Black Frost ku Brazil m'zaka za m'ma 1970," adatero Dock No, Wogwirizanitsa Ziwerengero ku Dipatimenti Yowerengera ya International Coffee Organization (ICO).
"Komabe, ziwerengerozi ziyenera kuyesedwa m'njira yeniyeni. Kumapeto kwa Ogasiti, mitengo ya Arabica inali pansi pa $2.40 pa paundi, yomwe ndi yapamwamba kwambiri kuyambira 2011."
Kuyambira chaka cha khofi cha 2023/2024 (chomwe chimayamba mu Okutobala 2023), mitengo ya Arabica yakhala ikukwera pang'onopang'ono, mofanana ndi kukula komwe msika udakumana nako mu 2020 pambuyo pa kutha kwa lockdown yoyamba yapadziko lonse. DockNo adati izi sizingachitike chifukwa cha chinthu chimodzi, koma zidachitika chifukwa cha zinthu zambiri zomwe zakhudza kupereka ndi mayendedwe.
"Kuchuluka kwa khofi wa Arabica padziko lonse kwakhudzidwa ndi nyengo yoipa kwambiri. Chipale chofewa chomwe chinachitika ku Brazil mu Julayi 2021 chinakhudza kwambiri, pomwe miyezi 13 yotsatizana yamvula ku Colombia ndi zaka zisanu za chilala ku Ethiopia zinakhudzanso kuchuluka kwa khofi," adatero.
Zochitika za nyengo yoipa kwambirizi sizinangokhudza mtengo wa khofi wa Arabica.
Vietnam, yomwe ndi dziko lomwe limapanga khofi wa Robusta kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, yakumananso ndi zokolola zochepa chifukwa cha mavuto okhudzana ndi nyengo. "Mtengo wa khofi wa Robusta umakhudzidwanso ndi kusintha kwa kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka nthaka ku Vietnam," adatero No.
"Ndemanga zomwe talandira zikusonyeza kuti ulimi wa khofi sunalowe m'malo mwa mbewu imodzi yokha. Komabe, kufunikira kwa durian ku China kwawonjezeka kwambiri m'zaka khumi zapitazi, ndipo taona alimi ambiri akuchotsa mitengo ya khofi ndikubzala durian m'malo mwake." Kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2024, makampani ambiri akuluakulu otumiza katundu adalengeza kuti sadzadutsanso mu Suez Canal chifukwa cha ziwopsezo za zigawenga m'derali, zomwe zinakhudzanso kukwera kwa mitengo.
Kudutsa kuchokera ku Africa kumawonjezera pafupifupi milungu inayi ku njira zambiri zotumizira khofi, zomwe zimawonjezera ndalama zowonjezera zoyendera pa kilogalamu iliyonse ya khofi. Ngakhale kuti njira zotumizira khofi ndi chinthu chaching'ono, zotsatira zake zimakhala zochepa. Chinthuchi chikaganiziridwa, sichingaike mitengo pachiwopsezo chokhazikika.
Kupitirizabe kupanikizika kumeneku pa madera akuluakulu padziko lonse lapansi kumatanthauza kuti kufunikira kwachulukira kuposa kupezeka m'zaka zingapo zapitazi. Izi zapangitsa kuti makampaniwa azidalira kwambiri zinthu zomwe zasungidwa. Kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha khofi cha 2022, tinayamba kukumana ndi mavuto ambiri okhudzana ndi kupezeka kwa khofi. Kuyambira pamenepo, tawona zinthu zomwe zasungidwa za khofi zikuyamba kuchepa. Mwachitsanzo, ku Europe, zinthu zomwe zasungidwa zachepa kuchoka pa matumba pafupifupi 14 miliyoni kufika pa matumba 7 miliyoni.
Posachedwa kufika pano (Seputembala 2024) ndipo Vietnam yawonetsa aliyense kuti palibe katundu wa m'dziko muno amene watsala. Kutumiza kwawo kunja kwatsika kwambiri m'miyezi itatu kapena inayi yapitayi chifukwa, malinga ndi iwo, palibe katundu wa m'dziko muno amene watsala pakadali pano ndipo akuyembekezerabe kuti chaka chatsopano cha khofi chiyambe.
Aliyense akhoza kuona kuti masheya ali kale otsika ndipo nyengo yoipa kwambiri ya miyezi 12 yapitayi yakhudza chaka cha khofi chomwe chikuyembekezeka kuyamba mu Okutobala ndipo izi zikukhudza mitengo chifukwa kufunikira kwa khofi kukuyembekezeka kukhala kochepa kuposa komwe kukupezeka. YPAK ikukhulupirira kuti ichi ndiye chifukwa chachikulu chomwe mitengo yakwera.
Pamene anthu ambiri akutsatira khofi wapadera ndi nyemba za khofi zabwino kwambiri, msika wa khofi wotsika udzasinthidwa pang'onopang'ono. Kaya ndi nyemba za khofi, ukadaulo wokazinga khofi, kapena kulongedza khofi, zonsezi ndi zizindikiro za khalidwe lapamwamba la khofi wapadera.
Pakadali pano, ndikofunikira kuti tigogomeze kuchuluka kwa khama lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga kapu ya khofi. Kuchokera pamalingaliro awa, ngakhale mtengo wakwera posachedwapa, khofi akadali wotsika mtengo.
Ndife opanga omwe amagwira ntchito yokonza matumba ophikira khofi kwa zaka zoposa 20. Takhala m'modzi mwa opanga matumba akuluakulu a khofi ku China.
Timagwiritsa ntchito ma valve abwino kwambiri a WIPF ochokera ku Swiss kuti khofi wanu ukhale watsopano.
Tapanga matumba osamalira chilengedwe, monga matumba opangidwa ndi manyowa ndi matumba obwezerezedwanso, komanso zipangizo zaposachedwa za PCR.
Ndi njira zabwino kwambiri zosinthira matumba apulasitiki achikhalidwe.
Fyuluta yathu ya khofi wothira madzi imapangidwa ndi zipangizo zaku Japan, zomwe ndi fyuluta yabwino kwambiri pamsika.
Taphatikiza kabukhu kathu, chonde titumizireni mtundu wa thumba, zinthu, kukula ndi kuchuluka komwe mukufuna. Kuti tikupatseni mtengo.
Nthawi yotumizira: Novembala-29-2024
