Chidziwitso cha Khofi - Zipatso ndi Mbewu za Khofi
Mbewu ndi zipatso za khofi ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri popanga khofi. Zili ndi kapangidwe ka mkati kovuta komanso zinthu zambiri zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zakumwa za khofi zikome, zomwe zimakhudza mwachindunji kukoma ndi kukoma kwa zakumwa.
Choyamba, tiyeni tiwone kapangidwe ka mkati mwa zipatso za khofi. Zipatso za khofi nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa ma cherries a khofi, ndipo kunja kwake kumaphatikizapo khungu, zamkati, ndi endocarp. Khungu ndi gawo lakunja la chitumbuwa, zamkati ndi gawo lokoma la chitumbuwa, ndipo endocarp ndi filimu yomwe imakulunga mbewuzo. Mkati mwa endocarp, nthawi zambiri mumakhala mbewu ziwiri za khofi, zomwe zimatchedwanso nyemba za khofi.
Mbewu za khofi ndi zipatso zili ndi mankhwala osiyanasiyana, omwe ndi caffeine. Caffeine ndi alkaloid yachilengedwe yomwe imalimbikitsa mitsempha ndipo ndi chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimapezeka mu zakumwa za khofi chomwe chimapangitsa anthu kukhala osangalala. Kuwonjezera pa caffeine, mbewu za khofi ndi zipatso zake zilinso ndi ma antioxidants ambiri, monga ma polyphenols ndi ma amino acid, omwe ndi othandiza pa thanzi la anthu.
Ponena za kupanga khofi padziko lonse lapansi, malinga ndi deta yochokera ku International Coffee Organisation (ICO), kupanga khofi padziko lonse lapansi pachaka ndi matumba pafupifupi 100 miliyoni (60 kg/thumba), pomwe khofi wa Arabica ndi pafupifupi 65%-70%. Izi zikusonyeza kuti khofi ndi chimodzi mwa zakumwa zodziwika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ndipo ndi wofunika kwambiri pa chuma cha dziko lonse lapansi.
Zifukwa za kuwawa kwa khofi
Chimodzi mwa zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa kuwawa kwa khofi ndi utoto wa bulauni. Utoto waukulu wa bulauni umakhala ndi kuwawa kwambiri; pamene njira yokazinga ikukulirakulira, kuchuluka kwa utoto wa bulauni kudzawonjezekanso, ndipo chiwerengero cha utoto waukulu wa bulauni chidzawonjezekanso moyenerera, kotero kuwawa ndi kapangidwe ka nyemba za khofi zokazinga kwambiri kudzakhala kolimba.
Chifukwa china chomwe chimachititsa kuti khofi ikhale yowawa ndi "cyclic diamino acids" zomwe zimapangidwa ndi amino acid ndi mapuloteni akatenthedwa. Kapangidwe ka mamolekyu omwe amapanga ndi kosiyana, ndipo kuwawa kwake ndi kosiyana. Kuwonjezera pa khofi, koko ndi mowa wakuda nazonso zili ndi zosakaniza zotere.
Ndiye kodi tingathe kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa kuwawa? Yankho lake ndi inde. Tikhoza kuwongolera kuwawa mwa kusintha mtundu wa nyemba za khofi, kuchuluka kwa kuwotcha, njira yowotcha, kapena njira yochotsera.
Kodi kukoma kowawa mu khofi ndi kotani?
Zosakaniza zowawa zomwe zili mu nyemba za khofi ndi monga citric acid, malic acid, quinic acid, phosphoric acid, ndi zina zotero. Koma uwu si kukoma kowawa komwe timamva tikamamwa khofi. Kukoma kowawa komwe timamva makamaka kumachokera ku asidi yomwe imapangidwa panthawi yokazinga.
Pokazinga nyemba za khofi, zinthu zina zomwe zili mu nyembazi zimakumana ndi zotsatira za mankhwala kuti zipange ma asidi atsopano. Chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri ndi chakuti chlorogenic acid imawola kuti ipange quinic acid, ndipo oligosaccharides imawola kuti ipange volatile formic acid ndi acetic acid.
Asidi wambiri mu nyemba zokazinga ndi quinic acid, yomwe imawonjezeka pamene kukazinga kukukulirakulira. Sikuti imangokhala ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu, komanso imakhala ndi kukoma kowawasa kwambiri, komwe ndi gwero lalikulu la kuwawasa kwa khofi. Zina monga citric acid, acetic acid, ndi malic acid nazonso zimakhala ndi khofi wochuluka. Mphamvu ndi makhalidwe a ma acid osiyanasiyana ndi osiyana. Ngakhale kuti onse ndi owawasa, zosakaniza zake zimakhala zovuta kwambiri.
Mmene kukoma kwa wowawasa kumatulutsidwira kumasiyana malinga ndi momwe kapangidwe kake kalili. Pali chinthu chomwe chili mu quinic acid chomwe chimatulutsa kukoma kwa wowawasa ndikubisa kukoma kwa wowawasa. Chifukwa chomwe khofi wopangidwayo amakulirakulira ndichakuti kuwawasa komwe poyamba kunabisika kumachepa pang'onopang'ono pakapita nthawi.
Kuti nyemba za khofi zikhale ndi kukoma kwatsopano, choyamba muyenera kukhala ndi phukusi lapamwamba komanso wogulitsa ma phukusi okhala ndi kapangidwe kokhazikika.
Ndife opanga omwe amagwira ntchito yokonza matumba ophikira khofi kwa zaka zoposa 20. Takhala m'modzi mwa opanga matumba akuluakulu a khofi ku China.
Timagwiritsa ntchito ma valve abwino kwambiri a WIPF ochokera ku Swiss kuti khofi wanu ukhale watsopano.
Tapanga matumba osamalira chilengedwe, monga matumba opangidwa ndi manyowa ndi matumba obwezerezedwanso, komanso zipangizo zaposachedwa za PCR.
Ngati mukufuna kuwona satifiketi yoyenerera ya YPAK, chonde dinani kuti mulumikizane nafe.
Nthawi yotumizira: Ogasiti-02-2024
