Ubumenyi ku ikawa - imbuto n'imbuto bya kawa
Imbuto n'imbuto bya kawa ni byo bikoresho by'ibanze byo gukora ikawa. Bifite imiterere y'imbere igoye n'ibinyabutabire byinshi, bigira ingaruka ku buryohe n'uburyohe bw'ibinyobwa bya kawa.
Reka tubanze turebe imiterere y'imbere y'imbuto za kawa. Imbuto za kawa zikunze kwitwa imbuto za kawa, kandi inyuma yazo harimo igishishwa, impumuro, na endocarp. Igishishwa ni urwego rw'inyuma rw'isheri, impumuro ni igice cyiza cy'isheri, naho endocarp ni agapfunyika gapfunyika imbuto. Imbere mu mfuruka, ubusanzwe haba hari imbuto ebyiri za kawa, nazo zitwa ibishyimbo bya kawa.
Imbuto n'imbuto bya kawa birimo ibintu bitandukanye bya shimi, icy'ingenzi muri byo kikaba ari kafeyine. Kafeyine ni alkaloid karemano ifite akamaro ko gukangura uturemangingo tw'imitsi kandi ikaba ari yo kintu nyamukuru kiri mu binyobwa bya kawa bituma abantu bumva banezerewe. Uretse kafeyine, imbuto za kawa n'imbuto zikungahaye kuri antioxydants, nka polyphenols na aside amine, bifitiye akamaro ubuzima bw'abantu.
Ku bijyanye n'umusaruro wa kawa ku isi, nk'uko imibare ituruka mu Kigo Mpuzamahanga cy'Ikawa (ICO) ibigaragaza, umusaruro wa kawa ku isi buri mwaka ni imifuka igera kuri miliyoni 100 (60 kg/umufuka), muri yo ikawa ya Arabica ingana na 65%-70%. Ibi bigaragaza ko ikawa ari kimwe mu binyobwa bikunzwe cyane ku isi kandi bifite akamaro kanini ku bukungu bw'isi.
Impamvu zitera uburibwe bwa kawa
Imwe mu mpamvu zitera uburibwe bwa kawa ni ibara ry'umukara. Ibara rinini ry'umukara rigira uburibwe bukomeye; uko uburyo bwo guteka bugenda bwiyongera, ingano y'ibara ry'umukara nayo iziyongera, kandi igipimo cy'ibara rinini ry'umukara nacyo kiziyongera uko bikwiye, bityo uburibwe n'imiterere y'ibishyimbo bya kawa bikaranze cyane birushaho gukomera.
Indi mpamvu ituma ikawa isharira ni "aside diamino zikora ku buryo butunguranye" zikorwa na aside amine na poroteyine nyuma yo gushyuha. Imiterere ya molekile zikora iratandukanye, kandi ubukana nabwo buratandukanye. Uretse ikawa, kakao na byeri byijimye nabyo bifite ibyo bintu.
None se dushobora kugenzura urwego rw'ubusharire? Igisubizo ni yego rwose. Dushobora kugenzura ubusharire duhinduye ubwoko bw'ikawa, urwego rwo guteka, uburyo bwo guteka, cyangwa uburyo bwo kuyikuramo.
Uburyohe bw'ikawa bungana iki?
Ibintu biryoshye biri mu bishyimbo bya kawa birimo aside citric, aside malic, aside quinic, aside fosforique, nibindi. Ariko ubu si uburyohe bw'uburibwe twumva iyo tunyoye ikawa. Uburyohe bw'uburibwe twumva ahanini buturuka kuri aside ikorwa mu gihe cyo kuyiteka.
Mu gihe cyo gukaranga ikawa, bimwe mu bice bigize ikawa bihura n’ingaruka za shimi kugira ngo bikore aside nshya. Urugero rwiza ni uko aside chlorogenic ibora kugira ngo ikore aside quinic, naho oligosaccharides ibora kugira ngo ikore aside formic ihindagurika na aside asetiki.
Aside nyinshi mu bishyimbo bikaranze ni aside quinic, yiyongera uko bikaranze byiyongera. Ntabwo ifite gusa ingano nyinshi, ahubwo inagira uburyohe bukomeye bw'isukari, ari na yo soko nyamukuru y'isukari ya kawa. Ibindi nka aside citric, aside acetic, na aside malic nabyo biri mu ikawa nyinshi. Ingufu n'imiterere ya aside zitandukanye biratandukanye. Nubwo zose zisharira, ibikoresho byazo mu by'ukuri biragoye cyane.
Uburyo uburyohe bw'umusemburo busohoka buratandukanye bitewe n'imiterere y'icyitegererezo. Hari ikintu kiri muri aside quinic gishobora gusohora uburyohe bw'umusemburo no guhisha uburyohe bw'umusemburo. Impamvu ituma ikawa itetse irushaho kuba mbi ni uko ububabare bwari buhishe bugenda bushira buhoro buhoro uko igihe kigenda gihita.
Kugira ngo ukomeze kugira uburyohe bushya bw'ibishyimbo bya kawa, ugomba kubanza gukenera ipaki nziza n'umucuruzi utanga ipaki kandi utanga umusaruro uhoraho.
Turi uruganda rwihariye mu gukora imifuka yo gupfunyikamo ikawa mu gihe cy'imyaka irenga 20. Twabaye rumwe mu nganda nini zikora imifuka ya kawa mu Bushinwa.
Dukoresha valve nziza cyane za WIPF zo mu Busuwisi kugira ngo ikawa yawe ikomeze kuba nshya.
Twakoze imifuka irinda ibidukikije, nk'imifuka ishobora gufumbirwa n'imifuka ishobora kongera gukoreshwa, hamwe n'ibikoresho bishya bya PCR byashyizwe ahagaragara.
Niba ukeneye kureba icyemezo cy'uburambe bwa YPAK, kanda hano kugira ngo uduhamagare.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-02-2024
