Ulwazi lweKofu - Iziqhamo neMbewu zeKofu
Imbewu yekofu kunye neziqhamo zezona zinto zisisiseko zokwenza ikofu. Zinezakhiwo zangaphakathi ezintsonkothileyo kunye neekhemikhali ezininzi, ezichaphazela ngqo incasa kunye nencasa yeziselo zekofu.
Okokuqala, makhe sijonge ulwakhiwo lwangaphakathi lweziqhamo zekofu. Iziqhamo zekofu zihlala zibizwa ngokuba zii-coffee cherries, kwaye ngaphandle kwazo kukho ixolo, i-pulp, kunye ne-endocarp. Ixolo lulwaleko lwangaphandle lwe-cherry, i-pulp yinxalenye yenyama emnandi ye-cherry, kwaye i-endocarp yifilimu esonga imbewu. Ngaphakathi kwi-endocarp, kuhlala kukho imbewu ezimbini zekofu, ezikwabizwa ngokuba ziimbotyi zekofu.
Imbewu yekofu kunye neziqhamo ziqulethe izinto ezahlukeneyo zeekhemikhali, eyona ibalulekileyo kuzo yicaffeine. Icaffeine yi-alkaloid yendalo enefuthe lokuvuselela inkqubo yemithambo-luvo kwaye sisithako esiphambili kwiziselo zekofu esenza abantu bazive bechulumancile. Ukongeza kwicaffeine, imbewu yekofu kunye neziqhamo zityebile kwii-antioxidants, ezifana neepolyphenols kunye nee-amino acids, eziluncedo kwimpilo yabantu.
Ngokuphathelele imveliso yekofu yehlabathi, ngokwedatha evela kwi-International Coffee Organisation (ICO), imveliso yekofu yonyaka yehlabathi imalunga neengxowa ezili-100 lezigidi (60 kg/ingxowa), apho ikofu ye-Arabica ibandakanya malunga ne-65%-70%. Oku kubonisa ukuba ikofu yenye yezona ziselo zidumileyo kwihlabathi kwaye ibaluleke kakhulu kuqoqosho lwehlabathi.
Izizathu zokuba krakra kwekofu
Enye yemithombo yokuba krakra kwekofu ziimibala ezimdaka. Iimibala ezinkulu ezimdaka zemolekyuli ziya kuba krakra ngakumbi; njengoko inkqubo yokosa isiya isanda, ubungakanani beemibala ezimdaka buya kwanda, kwaye umlinganiselo weemibala ezinkulu ezimdaka uya kwanda ngokufanelekileyo, ngoko ke ubukrakra kunye noburhabaxa beembotyi zekofu ezirostiweyo nzulu buya kuba bukhali ngakumbi.
Esinye isizathu sokuba ikofu ibe krakra yi-"cyclic diamino acids" eyenziwe zii-amino acids kunye neeproteni emva kokufudumeza. Izakhiwo zeemolekyuli ezizenzayo zahlukile, kwaye ubukrakra buhlukile. Ukongeza kwikofu, ikofu kunye nebhiya emnyama nazo zinezithako ezinjalo.
Ngoko ke singayilawula na inqanaba lobukrakra? Impendulo ewe ngokuqinisekileyo. Singayilawula ubukrakra ngokutshintsha uhlobo lweembotyi zekofu, inqanaba lokurosta, indlela yokurosta, okanye indlela yokuzikhupha.
Ithini incasa emuncu kwikofu?
Izithako ezimuncu kwiimbotyi zekofu ziquka i-citric acid, i-malic acid, i-quinic acid, i-phosphoric acid, njl. Kodwa le ayisiyo incasa emuncu esiyivayo xa sisela ikofu. Incasa emuncu esiyivayo ikakhulu ivela kwi-asidi eveliswa ngexesha lenkqubo yokosa.
Xa kurostiwa iimbotyi zekofu, ezinye izinto ezikwiimbotyi ziya kuhlangabezana neempendulo zeekhemikhali ukuze zenze ii-asidi ezintsha. Umzekelo ocacileyo ngakumbi kukuba i-chlorogenic acid iyabola ukuze yenze i-quinic acid, kwaye ii-oligosaccharides ziyabola ukuze zenze i-volatile formic acid kunye ne-acetic acid.
Eyona asidi ininzi kwiimbotyi ezirostiweyo yi-quinic acid, eyandayo njengoko ukurosta kusiba nzulu. Ayinawo nje kuphela umxholo ophezulu, kodwa ikwanayo nencasa enamandla emuncu, engumthombo ophambili womuncu wekofu. Ezinye ezifana ne-citric acid, i-acetic acid, kunye ne-malic acid nazo ziphezulu kwikofu. Amandla kunye neempawu zee-asidi ezahlukeneyo zahlukile. Nangona zonke zimuncu, izithako zazo zinzima kakhulu.
Indlela ekhutshwa ngayo incasa emuncu yahlukile ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yepateni. Kukho into ekwi-quinic acid enokukhupha incasa emuncu kwaye ifihle incasa emuncu. Isizathu sokuba ikofu ebilisiwe ibe krakra ngakumbi kukuba ubumuncu obabufihliwe ekuqaleni buyaphela kancinci kancinci ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Ukuze ugcine incasa entsha yeembotyi zekofu, kuqala udinga upakisho olusemgangathweni ophezulu kunye nomthengisi wopakisho onemveliso ezinzileyo.
Singumvelisi ogxile ekuveliseni iingxowa zokupakisha ikofu kangangeminyaka engaphezu kwama-20. Siye saba ngomnye wabavelisi abakhulu beengxowa zekofu eTshayina.
Sisebenzisa iivalvu zeWIPF ezisemgangathweni ophezulu ezivela eSwitzerland ukugcina ikofu yakho itsha.
Siphuhlise iingxowa ezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo, ezifana neengxowa ezinomgquba kunye neengxowa ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe, kunye nezixhobo zePCR ezisandula ukuveliswa.
Ukuba ufuna ukubona isatifikethi semfundo ye-YPAK, nceda ucofe ukuze unxibelelane nathi.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Agasti-02-2024
