Ulwazi Lwekhofi - Izithelo Nembewu Yekhofi
Imbewu yekhofi nezithelo kuyizinto eziyisisekelo zokwenza ikhofi. Zinezakhiwo zangaphakathi eziyinkimbinkimbi kanye nezingxenye zamakhemikhali ezicebile, ezithinta ngqo ukunambitheka kanye nokunambitheka kweziphuzo zekhofi.
Okokuqala, ake sibheke isakhiwo sangaphakathi sezithelo zekhofi. Izithelo zekhofi zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi ama-coffee cherry, futhi ingaphandle lazo lihlanganisa ikhasi, i-pulp, kanye ne-endocarp. Ikhasi liyingqimba yangaphandle ye-cherry, i-pulp iyingxenye emnandi ye-cherry, kanti i-endocarp iyifilimu egoqa imbewu. Ngaphakathi kwe-endocarp, kuvame ukuba nembewu ezimbili zekhofi, ezibizwa nangokuthi ubhontshisi bekhofi.
Imbewu yekhofi nezithelo ziqukethe izakhi zamakhemikhali ezahlukahlukene, okubaluleke kakhulu kuzo yi-caffeine. I-caffeine iyi-alkaloid yemvelo enomphumela wokuvuselela isimiso sezinzwa futhi iyisithako esiyinhloko eziphuzweni zekhofi esenza abantu bazizwe bejabule. Ngaphezu kwe-caffeine, imbewu yekhofi nezithelo nazo zicebile ngama-antioxidants, njenge-polyphenols nama-amino acid, awusizo empilweni yabantu.
Ngokuphathelene nokukhiqizwa kwekhofi emhlabeni wonke, ngokusho kwedatha evela kwi-International Coffee Organisation (ICO), ukukhiqizwa kwekhofi emhlabeni wonke minyaka yonke kungaba amasaka ayizigidi eziyi-100 (60 kg/isikhwama), lapho ikhofi ye-Arabica ibiza cishe u-65%-70%. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi ikhofi ingenye yeziphuzo ezidumile emhlabeni futhi ibaluleke kakhulu emnothweni womhlaba.
Izimbangela zokubaba kwekhofi
Enye yemithombo yokubaba kwekhofi yimibala ensundu. Imibala ensundu emikhulu yama-molecule izoba nokubaba okukhulu; njengoba inqubo yokosa ijula, inani lemibala ensundu nalo lizokhula, futhi isilinganiso semibala ensundu emikhulu naso sizokhula ngokufanele, ngakho ukubaba kanye nokuthungwa kobhontshisi bekhofi othosiwe ngokujulile kuzoba namandla.
Esinye isizathu sokubaba kwekhofi yi-"cyclic diamino acids" eyakhiwe ama-amino acid namaprotheni ngemva kokushisa. Izakhiwo zama-molecule ezakhayo zihlukile, kanti nokubaba nakho kuhlukile. Ngaphezu kwekhofi, i-cocoa nobhiya omnyama nakho kunezithako ezinjalo.
Ngakho-ke singalawula izinga lokubaba? Impendulo inguyebo impela. Singalawula ukubaba ngokushintsha uhlobo lwekhofi, izinga lokuthosa, indlela yokosa, noma indlela yokukhipha.
Ikhofi linambitheka kangaki?
Izithako ezimuncu ezikubhontshisi wekhofi zifaka phakathi i-citric acid, i-malic acid, i-quinic acid, i-phosphoric acid, njll. Kodwa lokhu akulona ukunambitheka okumuncu esikuzwayo lapho siphuza ikhofi. Ukunambitheka okumuncu esikunambithayo ikakhulukazi kuvela ku-asidi ekhiqizwa ngesikhathi senqubo yokosa.
Lapho kuthoswa ubhontshisi wekhofi, ezinye izingxenye kubhontshisi zizobhekana nokusabela kwamakhemikhali ukuze kwakheke ama-asidi amasha. Isibonelo esimele kakhulu ukuthi i-chlorogenic acid iyabola ukuze yakhe i-quinic acid, kanti ama-oligosaccharides ayabola ukuze akhe i-volatile formic acid kanye ne-acetic acid.
I-asidi eningi kakhulu kubhontshisi othosiwe yi-quinic acid, eyanda njengoba ukuthosa kujula. Ayigcini nje ngokuba nokuqukethwe okuphezulu, kodwa futhi inokunambitheka okumuncu okunamandla, okuwumthombo oyinhloko womuncu wekhofi. Ezinye ezifana ne-citric acid, i-acetic acid, kanye ne-malic acid nazo ziphezulu ekhofini. Amandla nezakhiwo zama-asidi ahlukahlukene zihlukile. Nakuba zonke zimuncu, izithako zazo empeleni ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.
Indlela ukunambitheka okumuncu okukhishwa ngayo ihlukile kuye ngesimo sephethini. Kukhona into ekwi-quinic acid engakhipha ukunambitheka okumuncu futhi ifihle ukunambitheka okumuncu. Isizathu sokuthi ikhofi elibilisiwe liba muncu kakhulu ukuthi ubumuncu obabufihliwe ekuqaleni buphela kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ukuze ugcine ukunambitheka okusha kwamabhontshisi ekhofi, okokuqala udinga ukupakisha okuseqophelweni eliphezulu kanye nomhlinzeki wokupakisha onemikhiqizo eqinile.
Singumkhiqizi ogxile ekukhiqizeni izikhwama zokupakisha ikhofi iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20. Sesibe ngomunye wabakhiqizi abakhulu bezikhwama zekhofi eShayina.
Sisebenzisa ama-valve e-WIPF asezingeni eliphezulu avela eSwitzerland ukuze sigcine ikhofi yakho isha.
Sithuthukise izikhwama ezinobungani nemvelo, njengezikhwama ezifakwa umquba kanye nezikhwama ezingasetshenziswa kabusha, kanye nezinto zakamuva ze-PCR ezethulwe.
Uma udinga ukubuka isitifiketi sokufaneleka se-YPAK, sicela uchofoze ukuze usithinte.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-02-2024
