ʻIke Kofe - Nā Hua Kofe a me nā ʻAno
ʻO nā hua kofe a me nā huaʻai nā mea maka kumu no ka hana ʻana i ke kofe. He paʻakikī ko lākou mau ʻano kūloko a me nā ʻāpana kemika waiwai, ka mea e hoʻopilikia pololei i ka ʻono a me ka ʻono o nā mea inu kofe.
ʻO ka mea mua, e nānā kākou i ke ʻano o loko o nā hua kofe. Ua kapa pinepine ʻia nā hua kofe he mau cherry kofe, a ʻo ko lākou ʻaoʻao waho e komo pū ana me ka ʻili, ka pulp, a me ka endocarp. ʻO ka ʻili ka papa waho o ka cherry, ʻo ka pulp ka ʻāpana ʻiʻo momona o ka cherry, a ʻo ka endocarp ka ʻili e wahī ana i nā hua. I loko o ka endocarp, aia maʻamau ʻelua mau hua kofe, i kapa ʻia hoʻi he mau pīni kofe.
Aia i loko o nā hua kofe a me nā huaʻai nā ʻano kemika like ʻole, ʻo ka mea nui loa ʻo ia ka caffeine. He alkaloid kūlohelohe ka caffeine nona ka hopena o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana nerve a ʻo ia ka mea nui i nā mea inu kofe e hoʻonāukiuki ai i nā kānaka. Ma waho aʻe o ka caffeine, ua waiwai pū nā hua kofe a me nā huaʻai i nā antioxidants, e like me nā polyphenols a me nā amino acids, he mea maikaʻi ia no ke olakino kanaka.
Ma ke ʻano o ka hana kope honua, e like me ka ʻikepili mai ka International Coffee Organization (ICO), ʻo ka hana kope makahiki honua ma kahi o 100 miliona mau ʻeke (60 kg/ʻeke), nona ke kope Arabica ma kahi o 65%-70%. Hōʻike kēia ʻo ke kope kekahi o nā mea inu kaulana loa ma ka honua a he mea nui ia i ka hoʻokele waiwai honua.
Nā kumu o ka ʻawaʻawa o ke kofe
ʻO kekahi o nā kumu o ka ʻawaʻawa o ke kofe, ʻo ia nā pigments brown. E ʻoi aku ka ʻawaʻawa o nā pigments brown molecular nui; i ka hohonu ʻana o ke kaʻina hana kālua, e piʻi pū ka nui o nā pigments brown, a e piʻi pū ka hapa o nā pigments brown nui, no laila e ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka ʻawaʻawa a me ke ʻano o nā pīni kofe i kālua hohonu ʻia.
ʻO kekahi kumu no ka ʻawaʻawa o ke kofe, ʻo ia nā "cyclic diamino acids" i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā amino acids a me nā protein ma hope o ka hoʻomehana ʻana. He ʻokoʻa nā ʻano molekala a lākou e hana ai, a he ʻokoʻa nō hoʻi ka ʻawaʻawa. Ma waho aʻe o ke kofe, loaʻa pū kekahi mau mea hoʻohui i ka koko a me ka pia ʻeleʻele.
No laila hiki iā kākou ke kāohi i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻawaʻawa? ʻO ka pane, ʻoiaʻiʻo nō, ʻae. Hiki iā kākou ke kāohi i ka ʻawaʻawa ma ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke ʻano o nā pīni kofe, ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kālua ʻana, ke ʻano kālua ʻana, a i ʻole ke ʻano unuhi.
He aha ka ʻono ʻawaʻawa i loko o ke kofe?
ʻO nā mea ʻawaʻawa i loko o nā pīni kofe e komo pū ana me ka waikawa citric, ka waikawa malic, ka waikawa quinic, ka waikawa phosphoric, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Akā, ʻaʻole kēia ka ʻono ʻawaʻawa a mākou e ʻike ai ke inu mākou i ke kofe. ʻO ka ʻono ʻawaʻawa a mākou e ʻono ai, no ka waikawa i hana ʻia i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana kālua ʻana.
I ke kālua ʻana i nā pīni kofe, e hana kekahi mau ʻāpana i loko o nā pīni i nā hopena kemika e hana i nā waikawa hou. ʻO kahi laʻana e hōʻike ana, ʻo ka waikawa chlorogenic e palaho e hana i ka waikawa quinic, a ʻo nā oligosaccharides e palaho e hana i ka waikawa formic volatile a me ka waikawa acetic.
ʻO ka waikawa quinic ka waikawa nui loa i loko o nā pīni i kālua ʻia, kahi e piʻi aʻe ai i ka hohonu o ke kālua ʻana. ʻAʻole wale ia he nui ka ʻike, akā he ʻono ʻawaʻawa ikaika hoʻi, ʻo ia ke kumu nui o ka ʻawaʻawa o ke kofe. ʻO nā mea ʻē aʻe e like me ka waikawa citric, ka waikawa acetic, a me ka waikawa malic he kiʻekiʻe nō hoʻi i loko o ke kofe. He ʻokoʻa ka ikaika a me nā ʻano o nā waikawa like ʻole. ʻOiai he ʻawaʻawa lākou a pau, he paʻakikī loa kā lākou mau mea hoʻohui.
ʻOkoʻa ke ʻano o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o ka ʻono ʻawaʻawa ma muli o ke ʻano o ke ʻano. Aia kahi mea i loko o ka waikawa quinic hiki ke hoʻopuka i ka ʻono ʻawaʻawa a hūnā i ka ʻono ʻawaʻawa. ʻO ke kumu e lilo ai ke kofe i ʻawaʻawa nui aʻe no ka mea, ʻo ka ʻawaʻawa i hūnā mua ʻia e nalowale mālie ana i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa.
No ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻono hou o nā pīni kofe, pono mua ʻoe i kahi ʻōpala kiʻekiʻe a me kahi mea hoʻolako ʻōpala me ka hana paʻa.
He mea hana mākou i loea i ka hana ʻana i nā ʻeke ʻōpala kofe no nā makahiki he 20 a ʻoi. Ua lilo mākou i hoʻokahi o nā mea hana ʻeke kofe nui loa ma Kina.
Hoʻohana mākou i nā kiwikā WIPF maikaʻi loa mai Swiss mai e mālama i ka hou o kāu kofe.
Ua hoʻomohala mākou i nā ʻeke aloha kaiapuni, e like me nā ʻeke compostable a me nā ʻeke hana hou, a me nā mea PCR hou loa i hoʻolauna ʻia.
Inā pono ʻoe e nānā i ka palapala hōʻoia YPAK, e kaomi e hoʻokaʻaʻike mai iā mākou.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Aug-02-2024
