Iga kugufasha gutandukanya Robusta na Arabica mu buryo burambuye!
Mu nkuru ibanziriza iyi, YPAK yakusangije ubumenyi bwinshi ku nganda zipfunyika ikawa. Kuri iyi nshuro, turakwigisha gutandukanya ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi bwa Arabica na Robusta. Ni ibihe bintu bitandukanye biranga isura yazo, kandi ni gute twazitandukanya mu kanya gato!
Arabica na Robusta
Mu byiciro birenga 130 by'ingenzi bya kawa, ibice bitatu gusa ni byo bifite agaciro k'ubucuruzi: Arabica, Robusta, na Liberica. Ariko, ibishyimbo bya kawa bigurishwa ku isoko muri iki gihe ahanini ni Arabica na Robusta, kuko ibyiza byabyo ari "ababireba benshi"! Abantu bazahitamo gutera ubwoko butandukanye bitewe n'ibyo bakeneye bitandukanye.
Kubera ko imbuto za Arabica ari zo ntoya mu moko atatu y’ingenzi, ifite izina ry’"ubwoko bw'ibinyampeke bito". Akamaro ka Arabica ni uko ifite uburyohe bwiza cyane: impumuro igaragara cyane kandi ibice byayo birakungahaye. Kandi nubwo impumuro yayo igaragara cyane ni uko ari mbi: umusaruro muke, kurwanya indwara nke, ndetse n'ibisabwa cyane mu bidukikije. Iyo uburebure bw'ikawa buri hasi y'uburebure runaka, ubwoko bwa Arabica buzagorana kubaho. Kubwibyo, igiciro cya kawa ya Arabica kizaba kiri hejuru. Ariko nyuma ya byose, uburyohe ni bwinshi cyane, bityo kugeza ubu, ikawa ya Arabica ingana na 70% by'umusaruro wose wa kawa ku isi.
Robusta ni yo mbuto iri hagati muri eshatu, bityo ikaba ari ubwoko bw'ibinyampeke biri hagati. Ugereranyije na Arabica, Robusta ntabwo ifite uburyohe bugaragara. Ariko, imbaraga zayo zirakomeye cyane! Ntabwo ari umusaruro mwinshi gusa, ahubwo no kurwanya indwara ni byiza cyane, kandi kafeyine nayo ni inshuro ebyiri ugereranyije na Arabica. Kubwibyo, ntabwo yoroshye nk'ubwoko bwa Arabica, kandi ishobora no "gukura cyane" mu turere turi hasi. Rero iyo tubonye ko bimwe mu bimera bya kawa bishobora no kwera imbuto nyinshi za kawa mu turere turi hasi, dushobora gutekereza mbere y'igihe ku bwoko bwayo.
Kubera ibi, ahantu henshi hahingwa ikawa hashobora guhinga ahantu hato. Ariko kubera ko ubutumburuke bw'ikawa muri rusange buri hasi, uburyohe bwa Robusta ahanini ni ubushyuhe bukomeye, hamwe n'uburyohe bw'icyayi cy'ibiti n'icyayi cya sayiri. Ubu buryohe budashimishije cyane, hamwe n'ibyiza byo gukora ikawa nyinshi n'ibiciro biri hasi, bituma Robusta iba igikoresho cy'ingenzi cyo gukora ikawa ako kanya. Muri icyo gihe, kubera izo mpamvu, Robusta yahindutse "ikintu kidakora neza" mu ruziga rwa kawa.
Kugeza ubu, Robusta ingana na 25% by'umusaruro wa kawa ku isi! Uretse gukoreshwa nk'ibikoresho fatizo byihuse, igice gito cy'ibi bishyimbo bya kawa kizagaragara nk'ibishyimbo by'ibanze cyangwa ibishyimbo byihariye bya kawa mu bishyimbo bivanze.
None se watandukanya Arabica na Robusta ute? Mu by'ukuri, biroroshye cyane. Kimwe no kumisha izuba no gukaraba, itandukaniro ry'uturemangingo naryo rizagaragarira mu miterere y'isura. Kandi ibi bikurikira ni amashusho y'ibishyimbo bya Arabica na Robusta.
Ahari inshuti nyinshi zabonye imiterere y'ibishyimbo, ariko imiterere y'ibishyimbo ntishobora gukoreshwa nk'itandukaniro rikomeye hagati yabyo, kuko ubwoko bwinshi bwa Arabica nabwo bufite imiterere izengurutse. Itandukaniro rikomeye riri hagati y'ibishyimbo. Imirongo myinshi yo hagati y'ubwoko bwa Arabica iragoramye kandi ntabwo igororotse! Umurongo wo hagati w'ubwoko bwa Robusta ni umurongo ugororotse. Iyi ni yo shingiro ryo kutwitaho.
Ariko tugomba kumenya ko bimwe mu bishyimbo bya kawa bishobora kutagira imiterere igaragara yo hagati bitewe n’iterambere cyangwa ibibazo bya genetiki (Arabica ivanze na Robusta). Urugero, mu kirundo cy’ibishyimbo bya Arabica, hashobora kuba hari ibishyimbo bike bifite imirongo yo hagati igororotse. (Nk’uko bigaragara hagati y’ibishyimbo byumye ku zuba n’ibikaraba, hari n’ibishyimbo bike mu bishyimbo byumye ku zuba bifite uruhu rw’ifeza rugaragara ku murongo wo hagati.) Kubwibyo, iyo turebye, ni byiza kutiga ku buryo bumwe na bumwe, ahubwo kwitegereza isahani yose cyangwa ibishyimbo bike icyarimwe, kugira ngo ibisubizo birusheho kuba byiza.
Kugira ngo ubone izindi nama ku ikawa n'ibipfunyika, nyamuneka wandikire YPAK kugira ngo muganire!
Turi uruganda rwihariye mu gukora imifuka yo gupfunyikamo ikawa mu gihe cy'imyaka irenga 20. Twabaye rumwe mu nganda nini zikora imifuka ya kawa mu Bushinwa.
Dukoresha valve nziza cyane za WIPF zo mu Busuwisi kugira ngo ikawa yawe ikomeze kuba nshya.
Twakoze imifuka irinda ibidukikije, nk'imifuka ishobora gufumbirwa n'imifuka ishobora kongera gukoreshwa, hamwe n'ibikoresho bishya bya PCR byashyizwe ahagaragara.
Ni amahitamo meza yo gusimbuza imifuka isanzwe ya pulasitiki.
Akayunguruzo kacu ka kawa gakozwe mu bikoresho by'Abayapani, ari na ko kayunguruzo keza cyane ku isoko.
Dufite kataloge yacu, twoherereze ubwoko bw'igikapu, ibikoresho, ingano n'ingano ukeneye. Kugira ngo tubashe kugutangaho ibiciro.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-12-2024
